Gay Vaccine Experiments And The American (Not African) Origin Of AIDS
- Gay Vaccine Experiments And The American
(Not African) Origin Of AIDS
By Alan Cantwell, MD
Copyright 2001 - All Rights Reserved
9-1-11
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Ever since the AIDS epidemic became official in June 1981,
there have been rumors that AIDS is a man-made disease. Although this
theory has been discredited by "scientific
consensus," there is evidence linking the outbreak of this new disease
to a vaccine experiment conducted on gay men in New York City, as well
as in other U.S. cities, between 1978 and 1981.
The first epidemic cases of AIDS in America were uncovered
exclusively in young, previously healthy, and mostly white gay men
in Manhattan in 1979. The cause was unknown until 1984 when
a virus, later named HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), was accepted
as the infectious agent. How a sexually transmitted disease (STD), purportedly
originating in Africa, was transferred into a so-called "gay disease"
in New York City was left unexplained, except for preposterous stories
like the gay Canadian airline steward Gaetan Dugas, who was demonized in
the media and tabloids as "the man who brought AIDS to America."
THE GAY VACCINE EXPERIMENTS BEFORE AIDS
(1978-1981)
Beginning in 1974, workers in a bloodmobile
provided by the New York Blood Center in Manhattan began soliciting 8,
906 gay men for a hepatitis B vaccine research study (Koblin et al, 1992).
Over the next few years more that 10,000 blood samples were donated by
gays willing to participate in the development of a vaccine that might
prevent hepatitis B. This viral disease was an STD disproportionately
affecting sexually-active homosexuals.
The AIDS epidemic in the U.S. directly traces back to
this government-sponsored vaccine experiment! Eventually, 1,083 gay men
were recruited to be injected with an experimental hepatitis B vaccine
at the New York Blood Center. In the months before the actual experiment
began, the vaccine underwent preliminary testing for safety and immune
response on two hundred physicians at New York Medical Center, as well
as on twenty-eight employees of Merck & Co, which made the vaccine.
The first group of men in the actual
trial were inoculated in November 1978. The experiment was confidential.
Each man was given an anonymous identification number, which would be the
only way they could be identified by the investigators. Each man got an
initial dose of vaccine, then a repeat one month after,
and a final inoculation six months later. All were asked to
donate blood samples for two years after the three injections. Over a period
of months, all 1,083 men would be injected. Half the men were
given the experimental vaccine; the other half would serve
as the control group and were given useless placebo injections. In
this double-blind study, neither the men nor the investigators knew who
was getting the vaccine or the placebo.
This experiment ended in September 1980. The success
rate in preventing hepatitis B in the group receiving the vaccine was 92.3%.
Additional experimental hep B vaccine trials, all using gay men as
the guinea pig, were conducted in 1979 and 1980 in Chicago, Los Angeles,
San Francisco, Denver and St. Louis.
In May 1981, the men in the placebo group (who did
not receive the vaccine) at the Blood Center were offered
a chance to take the vaccine. As a result, 270 men were inoculated with
the series of three shots and were asked to donate additional blood samples
for two more years. Because men in the vaccine-recipient group
and the placebo group were now both inoculated with the vaccine, it would
no longer be possible to compare the two groups in terms of future HIV
rates. Because the experiment was confidential and anonymous, the fate
of the individual men in terms of acquiring HIV/AIDS in the future,
could never be ascertained. In June 1981, after 41 cases
of a new disease in homosexuals were reported to the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta (CDC), the AIDS
epidemic became official.
THE "GAY PLAGUE" BEGINS IN MANHATTAN IN
1979
The first few cases of a new disease characterized by
immunodeficiency, cancer and a previously rare form of pneumonia in young gay
men, were uncovered in Manhattan in 1979. By the end of 1981 there were
160 cumulative cases from New York City; a decade later, 9,000
cases had been reported in NYC. The early cases were termed "gay related
immune deficiency disease," or GRID, for short. Privately, it was
called "the gay plague," with homosexuals dying from "gay
cancer" in the form of Kaposi's sarcoma, and/or a rapidly fatal "gay
pneumonia" caused by a yeast-like fungus.
By the end of 1979, 6.6% of 378 men who had been "hepatitis
B trial participants" or who had donated blood in the experiment at
the Center were already HIV- positive. By 1981, it was 20%! (This was at
a time when the African AIDS epidemic was unknown.) By 1984 over 40% of
the trial participants were HIV-positive (Stevens et al, 1986).
These infection rates were determined in 1985 when the stored gay
blood samples were retested for HIV.
A different (non-vaccine) hepatitis B study,
conducted from 1978 to 1980 at the San Francisco
City Clinic, recruited a cohort of 6,705 homosexuals. By 1982, 41% of
all reported AIDS cases in S.F. were from this cohort. By 1989, 75% of the
cohort was infected with HIV-and 1,479 had developed AIDS (Rutherford
et al, 1990). Activist Tom Keske has posted an essay on his website entitled:
"Was AIDS in the U.S. started intentionally?" He also provides
an incriminating statistical analysis linking the
AIDS outbreak in San Francisco to hepatitis B vaccine experiments conducted
in that city.
In 1984, the CDC was apparently oblivious to the extremely
high rate of HIV/AIDS infection in gay men who participated in the
hepatitis experiments and studies, particularly at a time when the African
AIDS epidemic was still largely unknown. In its Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report, dated Dec 14, 1984, the agency simply concluded
the hepatitis B vaccine was safe-and that "epidemiologic
monitoring of AIDS cases and high-risk groups confirms the lack of AIDS
transmission." When later studies revealed the high incidence of HIV
in these men, as noted above, there was no official comment by the CDC.
To my knowledge, the CDC never tested
the vaccine given to the men at the NY Blood center; and this CDC
1984 report is often cited to refute any connection between gay experiments
and the AIDS outbreak. New York City quickly became the epicenter for the
American epidemic, and has remained so to this day, with more that 100,000
New Yorkers living with HIV/AIDS.
SIMIAN VIRUSES AND GAY VACCINE EXPERIMENTS
According to Luc Montagnier in his book "Virus"
(1999), the African AIDS epidemic did not begin until the Autumn
of 1982 at the earliest. There is also no epidemiologic or sexual connection
between gay cases and African AIDS cases.
Was HIV introduced into gay men via a contaminated vaccine? HIV is
not the first simian (i.e., monkey or chimp) virus to infect
mankind. Simian virus-40 (SV40) is a cancer-causing green monkey virus
that contaminated the polio vaccine, and was injected into millions of
people worldwide beginning in the 1950s. SV40 was also used extensively
in animals to induce cancer tumors conducted as part of the largely forgotten
Special Virus Cancer Program (1964-1980). For details of this Program,
see my Internet article entitled 'Blaming gays, blacks, and chimps for
AIDS.'
There are strong connections between simian viruses and
the experimental hep B vaccine, the gay participants, and the outbreak
of AIDS. The vaccine given to gays was designed by Maurice Hilleman
of Merck; and was "developed" by repeatedly injecting it into
chimpanzees, as part of the safety testing of the vaccine. Could a chimp
HIV-like virus have been transferred to the vaccine during the 65-week
manufacturing process?
Humans and chimps have 99% of their active genetic material
in common. As a result, chimps are used extensively in medical research.
In 1974 veterinarians produced an AIDS-like disease in chimps
by taking newborn chimps away from their mothers and feeding them virus-infected
cow's milk. As a result of this interspecies
transfer of virus, the chimps died of immunodeficiency, leukemia, and
pneumocystis pneumonia, later known as the "gay pneumonia"
of AIDS (McClure et al, 1974). Previously, leukemia had never been observed
in chimps.
Also in 1974 the New York Blood Center established Vilab
II, a little-publicized chimp research lab in Robertsville,
Liberia, West Africa. It contained captive chimps, all of which were
purposely infected with hepatitis. In 1978 Vilab began to release some
chimps back into the wild and onto several islands. The Blood
Center announced the closure of the lab in 2006 and the end to chimp research.
Alfred Prince, a hepatitis researcher and virologist
at the Blood Center, was also the Director of Vilab from
1975 to 2000.
Maurice Hilleman was well aware of simian viruses contaminating
vaccines, having personally discovered SV40 in 1960 in polio vaccines.
In a <http://youtube.com/>youtube.com video entitled "Merck
chief brings HIV/AIDS to America, " posted by prolific AIDS origin
researcher Leonard G Horowitz, Hilleman is recorded telling
his colleagues, "I brought African greens [monkeys] in. I didn't know
we were importing AIDS virus at the time [i.e., between 1970-1974]. His
colleagues are heard laughing. Someone says, "It was you who introduced
AIDS virus in." This shocking interview, conducted by Edward Shorter
for WGBH public television, was cut from the TV documentary, based on Shorter's
book "The Health Century" (1987), due to liability issues, undoubtedly
reflecting poorly on Merck where the vaccine for gays was developed. Hilleman's
assertion gives credence to the "conspiratorial" view that the
most likely source of an AIDS-causing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) virus
was from a laboratory, and not from the wilds of Africa.
The close timeline between the hepatit...
B vaccine trials, as well as the high incidence of HIV/AIDS in the participants, and
the outbreak of the "gay plague" can hardly be denied. There
are few sources, outside of medical journal reports, that reveal details
of the experiment. The best source is June Goodfield's "Quest for
the Killers" (1985), in a chapter entitled 'Vaccine on trial.' She
emphasizes the dangerous aspects of the vaccine experiment, due to the
pooling of the blood, as well as the concern regarding possible contamination
of the vaccine. Hers is the only source revealing that
some of the vaccine was made by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
"Was something wrong with the vaccine, possibly contamination? This
was no theoretical fear, contamination having been suspected in one vaccine
batch made by the National Institutes of Health, though never in Merck's."
THE SIMIAN VIRUS ORIGIN OF HIV
Determining the simian ancestry of HIV is not the same
as determining the origin of the AIDS epidemic in America. HIV is emphatically
a "new virus" in humans, although its origin in simians may be
ancient. The American AIDS epidemic clearly began in the late 1970s. The purported
African origin of American AIDS is largely based on the genealogy
of the AIDS virus in Africa. I could never understand why scientists never
looked for a simian ancestor of HIV in the various primate virus labs and
primate colonies in the U.S.
The simian "roots" of HIV depend on who is doing
the genetic analysis. Some researchers claim that HIV has been circulating
in humans since the 1930s, others date it back a century or more. A new
"phylo-geographic" study suggests monkey SIVs are ancient and
date back 32,000 to 75,000 years (Worobey et al, 2010).
The public was first told &...
HIV originated in Africa in green monkeys. This changed in 1999 when
a SIV found in chimpanzees was widely
accepted as the closest ancestor virus of HIV (Gao et al, 1999). Four
years later, geneticists reversed themselves again, claiming HIV
"didn't start its life in chimps" but arose through hybridization
of two monkey strains of SIV that recombined in the chimpanzee host (Bailes
et al, 2003). In other words, the ancestors of HIV were a mix of monkey
immunodeficiency viruses transferred into chimps, which subsequently recombined
to form a new hybrid virus with mixed genetic material. By the
way, chimps are considered apes, have bigger bodies than monkeys, and are
most closely related to humans. Monkeys have tails and are structurally
closer to four-legged animals like cats and dogs.
Lost in all this conflicting genetic mumbo-jumbo, that
few people can comprehend (including myself), was the
fact that extensive mixing of simian viruses and the creation
of hybrid viruses was going on for years in labs around the
world in the years immediately preceding AIDS. This, in fact, is the basis
of the AIDS "conspiracy theory," which proposes that...
ancestor of HIV most likely originated in animal species transfer experiments
in a virus laboratory. Yet this explanation is never considered
by scientists. These genetic studies of HIV origin,
widely reported in the major media, continue to reinforce the
public perception that HIV/AIDS started in Africa.
There is no attempt made here to fully explain the origin
of the horrible outbreak of AIDS in Africa beginning around 1983. This
will up to future medical historians to unravel. Suffice it to say that
sub-Saharan Africa has been the testing ground for pharmaceuticals
and vaccines for many decades, and for massive vaccine programs with reuse
of needles which could also spread HIV from person to person.
In "AIDS and the Doctors of Death" (1988), I
mentioned a London Times explosive front page article connecting AIDS
to extensive vaccine programs in Africa, and entitled "Smallpox
vaccine triggered AIDS virus" (May 11, 1987). Robert Gallo, the co-discoverer
of HIV, was quoted as saying, "The link between the WHO program and
the epidemic is an interesting and important hypothesis. I cannot say it
actually happened, but I have been saying for some years that the use of
live vaccines such as that used for smallpox can activate a dormant infection
such as HIV." The full Times story never appeared
in the major media in the U.S., but is available online.
Researchers have known for a long time that the particular
strain of HIV that infected American gays is "subtype
B." The prevalent strains in Africa are different, again
suggesting that American AIDS cases did not come from Africa cases. Unlike
some strains in Africa, which date back to the 1930s, a recent study by
Perez-Losada at al (2010), indicates "subtype B" is quite new,
dating back to around 1968, a decade before the hep B experiment. Max
Essex claims the American B strain has an affinity for anal tissue and is more easily
transmitted by homosexual contact and intravenous drug use, whereas the
HIV subtypes in Africa tend to fuel heterosexual epidemics via a vaginal
mucosal route.
THE LAB ORIGIN OF HIV IN AMERICA
Hilleman's hepatitis B vaccine was
intentionally made from the pooled blood of 300 highly sexually-active
gay and intravenous drug abusers in Manhattan. These men were the
carriers of the hepatitis virus Hilleman required
to manufacture his vaccine. As mentioned, the vaccine was developed in
chimps, and took 65 weeks to make. His vaccine brew was collected in 1977.
The specific year is important because there are no reports of AIDS cases at
that time; and no stored American blood testing positive for
HIV before that year.
In "Vaccinated" (2007) Paul Offit,
a pediatrician and vaccine developer who works for
Merck, theorizes that although "HIV was likely present in the blood
from which he made early preparations of his vaccine, Hilleman's choice
of pepsin, urea, and formaldehyde had completely destroyed it."
In "Vaccinated," Offit is critical of my AIDS
origin research. He writes, "The publisher of Alan Cantwell's
book, Aries Rising Press, was founded by Cantwell himself to promote his
uninformed views on the origin of the AIDS epidemic." Offit claims the
American blood supply was "heavily contaminated" with HIV in
the mid-1970s. He offers no documentation for this statement, nor are
there any studies (or epidemic AIDS cases) which document this.
The earliest HIV-positive blood specimens in the American epidemic were
uncovered in 1978-they are those deposited into the Blood Center by gay
participants of the hep B experiment. There is no record of any other stored
blood in the U.S testing positive for HIV, with one exception. According
to "Virus Hunters of the CDC" (1996), author Joseph McCormick
states six hundred blood specimens from Zaire, Africa, were sent to
the CDC in 1976 during the Ebola virus outbreak. When re-tested
in the mid-1980s for HIV, five of the specimens were positive. One has
to wonder if other labs in the U.S were also harboring HIV-infected African
blood used in animal (or human) research.
Unlike Offit, I have never promoted the idea that HIV
was contained in Hilleman's blood brew in 1977. Yet
Offit insists HIV first entered the U.S. a few years before Hilleman
began working on his vaccine. He notes Hilleman would be "the first
(and last) to use human blood to make a vaccine. He didn't know until years
later that the blood was heavily contaminated
with HIV."
Offit makes no mention of Hilleman importing
HIV/AIDS via his monkeys and chimps, nor does he cite the 20% HIV infection
rate of the men who participated in the trial at the Blood Center in 1981.
He simply assures us the vaccine given to gay men was safe and free of
HIV.
UNETHICAL MEDICAL EXPERIMENTATION
The development of a hepatitis B vaccine has
a dark history. Less than a decade before the gay experiment, sixty mentally
retarded children at Willowbrook State School, on Staten Island, NY, were
fed live hepatitis B virus. In another experiment, the serum from a patient
with hepatitis B was injected intravenously into
25 retarded children with dire results. They sickened, some severely,
and turned yellow with jaundice. According to Hilleman, "They were
the most unethical medical experiments ever performed in children in the
Unites States."
It is indeed shameful to read the history of covert human
experimentation over the past decades, which likely continues up to the
present. Most appalling were "the human radiation experiments"
of the Cold War era affecting millions of unsuspecting Americans, and extending
into the mid-1970s. For all the morbid details, google: human medical experimentation.
I will mention only one recent revelation (2010) uncovered
by Susan Reverby, quite by accident, while researching the
notorious Tuskegee Syphilis study. According to the Wikipedia
entry, "In a 1946 to 1948 study in Guatemala, U.S. researchers
used prostitutes to infect prison inmates, insane asylum patients, and
Guatemalan soldiers with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases,
in order to test the effectiveness of penicillin in treating sexually transmitted
diseases. They later tried infecting people with "direct inoculations
made from syphilis bacteria poured into the men's penises and on forearms
and faces that were slightly abraded . . . or in a few cases through spinal
punctures. The study was sponsored by the U.S. Public Health Service,
the National Institutes of Health and the Pan American Health Sanitary
Bureau (now the World Health Organization's Pan American Health Organization)
and the Guatemalan government.
Further details of the experiment that recruited 5,500
people and infected 1,300 people (including orphaned children) with sexually
transmitted diseases were released on August 30, 2011. In one instance,
a dying woman was deliberately infected with gonorrhea bacteria in her
eyes and elsewhere. Seven women with epilepsy were injected with syphilis
germs into the back of the spine, resulting in bacterial meningitis in
all cases. Eighty-three people died. The U.S. Public Health Service is
the former name of the CDC. The fact that this government
study was initiated by both the CDC and the NIH, the two leading and most
prestigious health organizations in America, is chilling.
When asked about the Guatemala experiment, Harold Jaffe of
the CDC was quoted as saying: "Are there other stories that haven't
come to light? We don't want to feed on the paranoia in the media, for
example, of biological warfare, or AIDS as a cooked-up infection in a foreign
country, but stories like this have to remind people of these stories"
('Presidential panel slams 1940s Guatemalan STD study,' by Louisa
Kasdon, posted on the BU.edu website, Aug 31, 2011). Jaffe has been the
top officer at the CDC covering AIDS since the very beginning. However,
this is the first time I ever heard a CDC official blaming AIDS on a "cooked-up
infection in a foreign country."
SIMIAN VIRUSES AND VACCINES
Vaccines are big business with worldwide sales of 25 billion;
and AIDS has spawned a huge industry as well. A CBS news report (Jan 8,
2010) declared: "Got AIDS? Lifetime cost: $618,900."
I am not anti-vaccine, although I would like to know exactly
how a vaccine is produced-from start to finish-before it is injected into
me. And such knowledge is impossible to obtain, due to proprietary concerns
of the manufacturers. Ordinarily, I decline vaccines unless absolutely
necessary. I stopped taking yearly flu shots in 1991 when I read in The
New York Times that some people were testing HIV-positive after injection
with the "Beijing flu" shot that year. This was deemed to be
a false-positive reaction, but the CDC was not sure what was causing
the peculiar result.
Childhood vaccinations are necessary, of course, to
prevent certain diseases. And more and more pediatricians are refusing
to treat children whose parents refuse to vaccinate them according to the
prescribed schedule, which includes 11 vaccines, and as many as 20 shots
by 2 years of age (Offit et al, 2002). For some of my personal negative
views on vaccines, see 'Vexing over vaccines' on the net.
For anyone who thinks that vaccine makers are always your
friend, I would recommend "The Virus and the Vaccine:
The True Story of a Cancer-Causing Monkey Virus, Contaminated Polio Vaccine,
and the Millions of Americans Exposed" by Debbie Bookchin and Jim
Schumacher (2004). They explore the history of the polio vaccine, the contamination
problems with SV40 , the ensuing vaccine-related cancer problems, and the
government's cover-up of the problem over the past three decades. I discovered
that federal regulations require only that vaccine manufacturers screen
for viruses by observing the effects of viruses on tissue cell cultures,
as viewed with an ordinary light microscope. This was surprising to me
because viruses are too small to be seen microscopically. Thus, vaccines
are not directly tested for virus contamination, but are tested indirectly
with a light microscope. Apparently virus contamination of vaccine lots
is suspected only if cells (viewed in the light microscope) undergo evidence
of viral infection. If a contaminating virus in a vaccine has no effect
on cells, this testing procedure would obviously be ineffective.
When the gay experiments ended in 1981, HIV was already
in the nation's blood supply. And there was no way to test for it. Within
a year, the disease was no longer confined to male homosexuals. It was
clearly an STD that could also be transmitted by body fluids and by blood
transfusion. In 1982 the first AIDS
cases in blood transfusion recipients and hemophiliacs were recorded.
So why were gay men the only sexually-active Americans
originally infected with HIV? In my view, the most likely explanation is the&nb...
was contaminated with an SIV that escaped detection during the long and
dangerous manufacturing process, which included repeated safety test in
chimpanzees. An alternate explanation is that a laboratory-derived SIV
was introduced deliberately as a genocidal agent against gay people that
would eventually spread to the "general population." In other
words, a covert Guatemala-type STD experiment using gays as guinea pigs.
Sometimes, despite great care in the manufacturing process,
a virus will slip through and wreak havoc. Such was the case with Cutter
Laboratories in Berkeley, California, in 1957 with their polio
vaccine that was accidentally contaminated with a live, virulent polio
virus. The result was 200,000 infected people. Seventy thousand people
became ill; 200 were permanently paralyzed; and 10 died, according to
Offit's "The Cutter Incident" (2005).
Once HIV was seeded into gays, it could easily spread
sexually and through body fluids. A decade before the epidemic, in a lab
accident involving green monkeys in 1967, a highly dangerous simian hemorrhagic
virus infected 31 workers in a vaccine
facility in Marburg, Germany, resulting in 7 deaths. In several instances,
the virus was transferred to sexual partners. Four cases were
acquired by hospital personnel caring for victims. Infection in these instances
most probably was incurred through contact with the patients' blood (Luby
and Sanders, 1969).
Since 1984, gay men have been excluded from donating blood.
This policy includes any man who has had sex with another man since 1977.
This was the year Hilleman began work on his vaccine made from pooled blood.
This also is the "accepted" year when HIV first entered the nation's
blood supply, although the source of this SIV has never been determined.
However, the most likely source was close by- in primates held
in laboratories and primate centers. Or in African blood samples,
like those stored at the CDC.
THE MAN-MADE ORIGIN OF AIDS
There is a great deal of evidence pointing to AIDS as
a man-made disease on the Internet, but the theory is routinely pooh-poohed
as paranoia and conspiracy theory. See the Wikipedia page
entitled 'Discredited AIDS origin theories.' However, it is fact that
there was fear concerning the safety of the hepatitis B vaccine. When the
commercial vaccine made by Abbott Laboratories became available to the
public, it was unpopular. Many health professionals refused the vaccine
because it was made from pooled gay blood; and they were
afraid the vaccine could transmit AIDS. As a result, a new
vaccine was eventually engineered using yeast cells instead of human
blood.
Every African-American has heard the rumor that AIDS was
engineered to kill off the black race.
Thirty percent of blacks in New York City polled
by The New York Times (October 29, 1990) actually believed that AIDS might
be an ethno-specific bio-weapon designed in a laboratory to
wipe them out.
George W Merck, president of Merck during World War 2,
was America's biological weapons industry director. According to Leonard
Horowitz's, New York University Medical Center was listed among
the top biological weapons contracting labs by 1969. The NY Blood Center
is affiliated with NYUMC. In 1971 a large part of
the Army's biological warfare unit at Fort Detrick was transferred over
to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) by president Richard Nixon. As
a result, bio-warfare experimentation went under cover at the NCI, which
is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
As noted, Goodfield mentions that
the NIH made part of the hep B vaccine used on gays, and contamination was
suspected. In his later years, Hilleman himself wrote extensive articles
on biological warfare, convinced that vaccines could be developed to protect
people against bioterrorism.
In the Spring of 1986, Robert Strecker, was promoting
his view of AIDS as a "bio-attack" against humanity. He
briefly received negative media attention in TIME magazine ('Infectious
propaganda', November 17, 1986). When I asked how it was possible
for AIDS to start as a purely gay disease, when such an event
was biologically improbable, he told me: "Because they put it there.
Do you recall the hepatitis B vaccine trials in gay men? That's
where the virus was introduced."
After a quarter century of study, Strecker's explanation
still makes more sense to me that any other theory of AIDS origin. Ridiculous
stories like "Patient Zero" and a handful of suspected "old
cases" of so-called AIDS from the 1950s and 60s were
sensationalized by the media in an attempt to show that AIDS existed long
before the actual epidemic. Indeed, very rare cases of Kaposi's sarcoma
("gay cancer") and pneumocystis pneumonia have always existed,
but never in epidemic form, nor as an STD. In my view, these reports reeked
of misinformation and disinformation; and they served to obfuscate the
real origin connected to government experiments conducted on gay men.
Despite my intense interest in this, I have discovered
over the past three decades that most
people are not interested in AIDS and where it came from. The idea of
man-made AIDS, I suspect, is simply too painful for people to consider.
In essence, the subject is taboo. However, it seems to me that after 25
million AIDS deaths worldwide, and over 500,000 dead Americans, that some
better explanation is required than merely blaming a "species jumping"
monkey virus in the African jungle-or gay sex.
This was most evident in April, 2008, when the outspoken
Reverend Jeremiah Wright accused the government of inventing the AIDS
virus as a genocide program against people of color. As the spiritual advisor to
Barack Obama, Wright almost derailed Obama's run for the presidency.
The future president quickly disassociated himself
from his former pastor, and the accusation was quickly squelched by the
major media without discussion. Wright had read Horowitz's
book on man-made AIDS, "Emerging Viruses: AIDS and Ebola" (1996).
He had carefully studied the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study, and he bluntly
told the media. "I believe our government is
capable of doing anything."
The rumor that AIDS is a man-made
disease will never go away. The reason is simple: It is the most logical explanation
of how and why the AIDS epidemic first erupted as the "gay plague"
among the most hated minority in America.
--------------
Alan Cantwell, MD, writes frequently about the origin
of AIDS. He is the author of "AIDS & the Doctors of Death"
and "Queer Blood"; both published by Aries Rising
Press, PO Box 29532, Los Angeles, CA 90029. His books are available from
Amazon.com and through <http://ariesrisingpress.com/>ariesrisingp...
Email: <mailto:alancantwell@sbcglobal.net>alancant...
















Since one of the main ways HIV is transmitted is because of sexual contact, the smaller the population of individuals and the higher the rate of sexual contact where such contact is often among the highest-risk behavior for transmission, then the greater the likelihood that HIV will become both more prevalent as well as more readily identifiable in that population.
Gay men had just emerged into a new sexual revolution where promiscuity was seen as a new expression of the freedom the gay rights movement had created. The population of sexual partners was limited. Anal sex is the highest-risk sexual behavior for those on the receptive end, and many gay men can increase risk and transmission rate by acting in both a receptive and active role.
Look at it this way: you have a population of 10,000 heterosexuals and a population of 500 male homosexuals. A virus that is passed through kissing is introduced into both. At this time, monogamy is preferable in the heterosexual community (although there's a great deal of promiscuity) and the opposite is the case in the gay population (although there's some monogamy).
Consider also that the virus has multiple different symptoms, and can quickly lead to death if untreated and also ...
Since one of the main ways HIV is transmitted is because of sexual contact, the smaller the population of individuals and the higher the rate of sexual contact where such contact is often among the highest-risk behavior for transmission, then the greater the likelihood that HIV will become both more prevalent as well as more readily identifiable in that population.
Gay men had just emerged into a new sexual revolution where promiscuity was seen as a new expression of the freedom the gay rights movement had created. The population of sexual partners was limited. Anal sex is the highest-risk sexual behavior for those on the receptive end, and many gay men can increase risk and transmission rate by acting in both a receptive and active role.
Look at it this way: you have a population of 10,000 heterosexuals and a population of 500 male homosexuals. A virus that is passed through kissing is introduced into both. At this time, monogamy is preferable in the heterosexual community (although there's a great deal of promiscuity) and the opposite is the case in the gay population (although there's some monogamy).
Consider also that the virus has multiple different symptoms, and can quickly lead to death if untreated and also has an incubation period that lasts years, potentially. All these factors will increase the likelihood of unwitting transmission.
So - if one person is infected in each population, you will likely see cases in the gay population first, as the chance of infection is greater initially, and as time goes on the virus spreads exponentially. Further, note that each member of the straight population will only interact with half of the entire population while each gay population member can interact with the entire population.
Regardless, the spread of viruses in populations described really does create a greater likelihood of transmission and repeated infection in the smaller population where partners are more closely related.
its not a virus.
http://www.ourcivilisation.co...
Are there statements in the article you originally cited that make the claim that there is no virus?
Regardless, again, what are the causes therefore of the various associated maladies?
Why should we accept these claims?
CJ: Can't you just look down a microscope and say there's a virus in the cultures?
ELENI: No you can't. That's the whole point of putting the virus question. Not all particles that look like viruses are viruses. You have to prove that whatever particle you nominate can actually make copies of itself. No replication, no virus. I'm sorry but this is an extremely important point. No one, especially virologists, can afford to ignore it.
LENI: It's not so much a question of where the research went wrong. It's more a question of what was left out. For some unknown reason the decades old method of retroviral isolation (6,7) developed to study animal retroviruses was not followed.
CJ: You better explain retroviruses before you go on.
ELENI: I should. As you probably know, HIV is claimed to be a retrovirus. Retroviruses are incredibly tiny, al...
CJ: Can't you just look down a microscope and say there's a virus in the cultures?
ELENI: No you can't. That's the whole point of putting the virus question. Not all particles that look like viruses are viruses. You have to prove that whatever particle you nominate can actually make copies of itself. No replication, no virus. I'm sorry but this is an extremely important point. No one, especially virologists, can afford to ignore it.
LENI: It's not so much a question of where the research went wrong. It's more a question of what was left out. For some unknown reason the decades old method of retroviral isolation (6,7) developed to study animal retroviruses was not followed.
CJ: You better explain retroviruses before you go on.
ELENI: I should. As you probably know, HIV is claimed to be a retrovirus. Retroviruses are incredibly tiny, almost spherical particles that..
So, if it exists, HIV is an RNA virus?
ELENI: Yes. Another important point is that retroviruses do not directly use their RNA blueprint to make more virus. According to retrovirologists, what sets them apart from nearly all other viruses is that retroviruses first make a DNA copy of their RNA. This DNA then moves into the cell nucleus where it becomes part of the cellular DNA. This stretch of DNA is called a provirus and there it sits, hibernating, perhaps for years, until something activates the cell.
ELENI: The point is that any genuine retroviral particle contains a fixed amount of RNA and protein. No more and no less. If that's the case then these particles are made up of much more material than a genuine retrovirus. Which means that if these different sized particles are truly HIV then HIV cannot be a retrovirus. The only other explanation is that the electron micrographs are not from the 1.16 gm/ml band. If that's the case then we have no choice but to redefine retroviruses and more importantly, not to consider the 1.16 band as HIV. But if we do that then all the research done on HIV using this band cannot be used because this is what everyone uses as purified HIV. That would mean for example that this band cannot be used to obtain proteins and RNA for use as diagnostic agents to prove HIV infection.
CJ: You mentioned the particles lacked knobs. How serious a deficiency is that?
ELENI: All the AIDS experts agree that the knobs are absolutely essential for the HIV particle to lock on to a cell. As the first step in infecting that cell. So, no locking on, no infection. The experts all claim that the knobs contain a protein called gp120 which is the hook in the knobs that grabs hold of the surface of the cell it's about to infect. (14) If HIV particles do not have knobs how is HIV able to replicate?
CJ: Yes, but isolated or not, how do you respond to Gallo's claim that his cultures grew a retrovirus?
ELENI: Let me repeat, there is no question of isolation. Gallo did not isolate a virus. There were no electron microscope pictures of a banded specimen that one would expect to show nothing but retroviral particles. How could there be? There were no EMs at all of a banded specimen. Just pictures of cells with a dozen or so particles lying nearby but no extraction and analysis and proof that these particles could replicate into identical particles. But what we must ask is whether Gallo had the proof to say he had even detected a retrovirus. In our view he did not. And it's vitally important at this point to state that finding particles and reverse transcriptase is not proof that a retrovirus is prese
That is from the article you posted afterwards.
(2) What then is the disease (again).
(3) Eleni has a Bachelors in Nuclear Physics - no medical training, no focus in the study of HIV/AIDS patience.
I'll ask again what the reasons for believing people like those in the Perth Group above others, particularly when the qualifications are suspect.
The original members are the leader, biophysicist Eleni Papadopulos-Eleopulos, emergency physician Valendar (Val) Turner and Professor of Pathology John Papadimitriou. Over the years several others (physicists Bruce Hedland-Thomas and Barry Page, Florida USA biochemist Todd Miller and Colombian physician/medical researcher Helman Alfonso), have also given generous time and effort in research and the production of papers. Recently senior clinical physicist Dr. David Causer has joined the Group.
90% of AIDS cases were reported to be in drugs users and homosexuals and the changes in the lymphoid organs of HIV-negative drug users or homosexuals were similar to those described in HIV-positive drug users and/or homosexual men ( Fauci, et al., 1998; Al-Bayati, 1999).
7. There are numerous diseases caused by the use of drugs by inhalation such as lung fibrosis, thrombocytopenia and these diseases are chronically treated with high therapeutic doses of corticosteroids ( Fauci, et al., 1998; Al-Bayati, 1999). The long term use of corticosteroids (3-6 months) at dose levels of 60 mg per day can cause AIDS in HIV negative patients (Al-Bayati, 1999).
8. The haemophilia patients are chronically treated with immunosuppressive agents to prevent the develo...
The original members are the leader, biophysicist Eleni Papadopulos-Eleopulos, emergency physician Valendar (Val) Turner and Professor of Pathology John Papadimitriou. Over the years several others (physicists Bruce Hedland-Thomas and Barry Page, Florida USA biochemist Todd Miller and Colombian physician/medical researcher Helman Alfonso), have also given generous time and effort in research and the production of papers. Recently senior clinical physicist Dr. David Causer has joined the Group.
90% of AIDS cases were reported to be in drugs users and homosexuals and the changes in the lymphoid organs of HIV-negative drug users or homosexuals were similar to those described in HIV-positive drug users and/or homosexual men ( Fauci, et al., 1998; Al-Bayati, 1999).
7. There are numerous diseases caused by the use of drugs by inhalation such as lung fibrosis, thrombocytopenia and these diseases are chronically treated with high therapeutic doses of corticosteroids ( Fauci, et al., 1998; Al-Bayati, 1999). The long term use of corticosteroids (3-6 months) at dose levels of 60 mg per day can cause AIDS in HIV negative patients (Al-Bayati, 1999).
8. The haemophilia patients are chronically treated with immunosuppressive agents to prevent the development of antibodies to factor VIII and IX and reductions in T cells have been observed in HIV-positive and HIV negative haemophilia patients on corticosteroids ( Fauci, et al., 1998; Al-Bayati, 1999).
9. Blood transfusion patients and people with organ transplants develop AIDS after being treated with corticosteroids and the list of opportunistic diseases described in these groups are similar to those described in people with AIDS ( Fauci, et al., 1998).
10. Patients described with idiopathic CD4+ T cells lymphocytopenia have identical changes in the lymph node to those in people with AIDS, yet these people were HIV negative( Fauci, et al., 1998; Al-Bayati, 1999).
11. HIV-negative people with severe malnutrition have AIDS and show severe atrophy of thymus
"One of the most heinous crimes committed by the AIDS dissidents is that of lying by omission. I usually more generously refer to this as "cherry picking". It's not as if putting a spin on a research finding is actually that bad (after all, one must weigh up all the evidence before coming to a conclusion - if that's even possible!) but they do it so often and even in the face of clear contradiction."
http://aidsmyth.blogspot.com/...
(2) For the inhalants issue: In a Vancouver study of "715 homosexual men .... Among 365 HIV-positive individuals, 136 developed AIDS. No AIDS-defining illnesses occurred among 350 seronegative men despite the fact that these men reported appreciable use of inhalable nitrites ('poppers') and other recreational drugs ...." For HIV+, 101 AIDS-related deaths; for HIV-, 0. CD4 counts dropped for HIV+, stable for HIV-, regardless of nitrite inhalant use. [Schechter et al, Lancet, 1993 Mar 13;341(8846):658-9]
"The recreational use of nitrite inhalants ('poppers') also predates the AIDS epidemic .... S...&
>
"One of the most heinous crimes committed by the AIDS dissidents is that of lying by omission. I usually more generously refer to this as "cherry picking". It's not as if putting a spin on a research finding is actually that bad (after all, one must weigh up all the evidence before coming to a conclusion - if that's even possible!) but they do it so often and even in the face of clear contradiction."
http://aidsmyth.blogspot.com/...
(2) For the inhalants issue: In a Vancouver study of "715 homosexual men .... Among 365 HIV-positive individuals, 136 developed AIDS. No AIDS-defining illnesses occurred among 350 seronegative men despite the fact that these men reported appreciable use of inhalable nitrites ('poppers') and other recreational drugs ...." For HIV+, 101 AIDS-related deaths; for HIV-, 0. CD4 counts dropped for HIV+, stable for HIV-, regardless of nitrite inhalant use. [Schechter et al, Lancet, 1993 Mar 13;341(8846):658-9]
"The recreational use of nitrite inhalants ('poppers') also predates the AIDS epidemic .... Since the early years of the AIDS epidemic, the use of nitrite inhalants has declined dramatically among homosexual men, yet the number of AIDS cases continues to increase." [Israelstam, Br J Addict Alcohol Other Drugs 1978;73(3):319-20. Haverkos, NIDA research monograph 83, US Dept HHS, PHS, ADAMHA. GPO, 1988. Ostrow, AIDS 1990;4(8):759-65 & J Subst Abuse 1993;5(4):311-25. Lau Int J STD AIDS 92]
(3) Myth: Hemophiliacs Develop AIDS for Reasons Other Than HIV
NIAID: "mean CD4+ T cell counts among 161 HIV-seronegative hemophiliacs was 784/mm3; among 715 HIV-seropositive hemophiliacs, the mean CD4+ T cell count was 253/mm3." [Lederman,J Infect Dis 1995;172(1):228-31.] "In another study, no instances of AIDS-defining illnesses were seen among 402 HIV-seronegative hemophiliacs treated with factor therapy or in 83 hemophiliacs who received no treatment subsequent to 1979." [Aledort,N Engl J Med 1993;328(6):441-2. Mosley,N Engl J Med 1993;328(15):1129.]
Myth: Long Lifetime Exposure to Things Other than HIV Causes AIDS in Hemophiliacs
NIAID: "Among HIV-seronegative patients with hemophilia A enrolled in the Transfusion Safety Study, no significant differences in CD4+ T cell counts were noted between 79 patients with no or minimal factor treatment and 53 patients with the largest amount of lifetime treatments .... from 100,000 to 2,000,000 U ... [Hassett J et al. Effect on lymphocyte subsets of clotting factor therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-1-negative congenital clotting disorders. Blood 1993;82(4):1351-7.]
(4) With the identification of AIDS in individuals who have never used poppers, this hypothesis has been widened by HIV deniers to implicate a number of recreational drugs (cocaine, crack, heroin, methamphetamines) as well as prescription drugs such as antibiotics and steroids in the etiology of AIDS. HIV deniers have criticized the idea that immunosuppression due to infection with HIV could result in all of the different infections that characterize AIDS, and yet they support the idea that poppers or other drugs—including many that have not been shown to cause severe immune deficiencies—could cause AIDS. In the past decade, the very drugs used to treat HIV/AIDS have come under fire by HIV deniers, who have suggested that the medicines themselves are a cause of AIDS
http://www.plosmedicine.org/a...
(5) New research in Zambia further undermines the idea that AIDS in Africa is caused by malnutrition. Severe malnutrition did not reduce the CD4 counts of children without HIV. HIV-infected children with severe malnutrition may respond well to nutritional rehabilitation, despite low CD4 counts, but nearly all require early antiretroviral therapy to prevent disease progression.
CD4 Counts Decline Despite Nutritional Recovery in HIV-Infected Zambian Children With Severe Malnutrition.
Hughes SM, Amadi B, Mwiya M, Nkamba H, Mulundu G, Tomkins A, Goldblatt D.
OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to establish the contribution that severe malnutrition makes to CD4 lymphopenia in HIV-infected and uninfected children and to determine the changes in CD4 count during nutritional rehabilitation. METHODS. Fifty-six children with severe malnutrition and with and without HIV infection were recruited from a pediatric ward in Lusaka for measurement of CD4 counts on admission, on discharge, and at final nutritional recovery. RESULTS. HIV-uninfected children with severe malnutrition had normal CD4 counts. In contrast, CD4 counts in HIV-infected children with severe malnutrition were reduced, more so in those without edema compared with those with edema. Mean CD4 count of HIV-infected SM children fell despite nutritional recovery so that at the time of full nutritional recovery, >85% of HIV-infected children required antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS. Severe malnutrition did not reduce the CD4 counts of children without HIV. HIV-infected children with severe malnutrition may respond well to nutritional rehabilitation, despite low CD4 counts, but nearly all require early antiretroviral therapy to prevent disease progression.
http://www.aidstruth.org/new-...
http://www.independent.co.uk/...
A partial list of HIV-positive HIV/AIDS denialists who have died from conditions, and with symptoms, characteristic of AIDS None of the scientists and journalists who are the most prominent promoters of HIV denialist theories in the mainstream and "independent" media have reported testing positive for HIV; the issue of the cause and treatment of HIV/AIDS is a purely academic matter for those who drive the denialist movement. But a number of people diagnosed with HIV infection – people whose lives are in the balance – have become activists in the "AIDS dissident" movement. Tragically, many of these individuals have died with symptoms and/or infectious illnesses that are characteristic of AIDS. Their friends in the denialist movement have in every instance insisted that HIV had nothing to do with their deaths. The medical records of dead denialists are, of course, not publicly available, but obituaries and reports of their untimely deaths almost always include descriptions of symptoms and conditions that are typical of late-stage HIV disease and extremely rare in uninfected people, along with statements attributing their deaths to "unknown causes," to secret illicit drug use, and to immune system damage caused by the "stress" of supporting the unpopu...
&
A partial list of HIV-positive HIV/AIDS denialists who have died from conditions, and with symptoms, characteristic of AIDS None of the scientists and journalists who are the most prominent promoters of HIV denialist theories in the mainstream and "independent" media have reported testing positive for HIV; the issue of the cause and treatment of HIV/AIDS is a purely academic matter for those who drive the denialist movement. But a number of people diagnosed with HIV infection – people whose lives are in the balance – have become activists in the "AIDS dissident" movement. Tragically, many of these individuals have died with symptoms and/or infectious illnesses that are characteristic of AIDS. Their friends in the denialist movement have in every instance insisted that HIV had nothing to do with their deaths. The medical records of dead denialists are, of course, not publicly available, but obituaries and reports of their untimely deaths almost always include descriptions of symptoms and conditions that are typical of late-stage HIV disease and extremely rare in uninfected people, along with statements attributing their deaths to "unknown causes," to secret illicit drug use, and to immune system damage caused by the "stress" of supporting the unpopular cause of AIDS denialism. It's worth noting that none of the HIV-negative denialists have died from these ailments. The numbers and stories speak for themselves, and we hope that readers who test positive for HIV will heed the warning in these deaths. What is the likelihood that so many individuals would die with AIDS-like symptoms at relatively young ages without their HIV infection playing the causative role?
Many, many other people with HIV have died of AIDS-related causes because denialist disinformation persuaded them (or their parents or their government) that antiretroviral treatment, and not the virus, was the danger to their health. (AIDStruth.org has not included here the names of perinatally infected HIV+ children who have died from HIV/AIDS because their denialist parents chose not to seek appropriate medical care for them.) The linked article by Bruce Mirken, Bad science: They once thought HIV was harmless. Now, they say, AIDS has forced them to reconsider, from the San Francisco Bay Guardian, February 2, 2000, reveals that many HIV+ denialists who have no public visibility have died from AIDS, and that many more see the error of their thinking and when they start getting sick and can no longer sustain the denialist fantasy. These individuals are regularly attacked by denialists verbally, in the press, and on the internet when they go on ARVs and their health improves.
AIDStruth.org is continuing to compile this list. Please send names of denialists who have died from HIV disease and supporting documentation to deathbydenial@earthlink.net for review and posting.
Ken Anderlini
Ken Anderlini was a co-moderator of the "AIDS Myth Exposed" message board on MSN. Anderlini died in April of 2007. Denialist David Crowe from the "Alberta Reappraising AIDS Society" wrote an announcement of his death, saying: "Over the past couple of years his health had declined rapidly with a strange neurological disease for which nobody could pinpoint the cause (except doctors who claimed it was HIV related, of course)."
http://spaces.live.com/editor...
Fela Anikulapo-Kuti
Fela Anikulapo-Kuti, the great Nigerian music star, "died in 1997 of a disease he claimed didn't exist, and certainly not in Africa: AIDS. No matter that Fela's older brother, Professor Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, had served as the country's health minister and launched Nigeria's much-lauded early AIDS program. . . . There was hardly an illness African herbs couldn't cure, Fela maintained, and he dismissed condoms as unnatural, unpleasurable, and a white plot to reduce the black birthrate. He believed, says Olikoye, that "all doctors were fabricating AIDS, including myself." Fela was 58.
(Mark Schoofs, "A Tale of Two Brothers Part 2: Fela Didn't Believe AIDS Existed. But then he died of the disease. His brother is still trying to convince Fela's fans that HIV is real." Village Voice, November 10 - 16, 1999.)
Michael Bellefountaine
A member of the denialist ACT UP/San Francisco, Michael Bellafontaine died on May 10, 2007. He was 41. His Bay Area Reporter obituary said that "According to Andrea Lindsay, a friend and fellow activist, Mr. Bellefountaine died of a sudden systemic infection, though the exact cause has not been determined."
http://ebar.com/obituaries/in...
Sophie Brassard
Sophie Brassard, a Canadian, was the HIV-positive mother of two HIV-positive, perinatally-infected sons. Citing the influence of HEAL, Alive and Well, Duesberg and Mullis, she refused to allow her children access to medical care when the became ill and fled the country with them. She consequently lost custody and parental rights. She died of AIDS on September 16, 2002, at age 37.
http://www.chemtrailcentral.c...
Ronnie Burk
Ronnie Burke was a member of the dissident group ACT UP/San Francisco (which has been denounced by other legitimate ACT UP groups). He died from AIDS in March of 2003 at the age of 47.
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin...
Jerry Colinard
Jerry Colinard, a board member of San Diego HEAL, died on July 4, 2009, at the age of 55, of AIDS. His webpage recalls that “Jerry supported the HIV community and was honored by a San Diego agency, ‘Being Alive,’ for his commitment. However by 2001 he had rejected traditional Western drug centered HIV medicine. He referred to himself as an ‘AIDS dissident’ thereafter.”
Sylvie Cousseau
Sylvie Cousseau contributed to a list of testimonials from people who tested HIV positive but embraced AIDS denial and rejected HIV treatment. This list of testimonials features on several different websites, including HEAL Toronto and the personal web pages of Rudolf Werner, Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Miami:
http://molbio.med.miami.edu/H...
http://healtoronto.com/testim... http://www.garynull.com/docum...
Sylvie Cousseau was the partner of Mark Griffiths. Sylvie died in 2001 at age 41. Cousseau's death was reported in postings to AIDS denial message boards in France.
Boyd Ed Graves
Boyd Graves was an HIV-positive lawyer who promoted the false view that HIV was developed by the US National Cancer Institute as part of a military programme to develop biological warfare agents for use against targeted communities. He found an NCI "flowchart" which he misinterpreted as demonstrating the existence of this programme, and initiated several unsuccessful lawsuits against the US government. While he believed that this manufactured HIV causes AIDS, he questioned the science of antiretroviral therapy and instead promoted as an "AIDS cure" a substance called "Tetracyl" or “Tetrasil” -- a silver compound with no known medical benefits and no evidence to support its use in HIV. According to an email circulated by his supporters he died in June 2009, apparently of AIDS, after several "Tetracyl" injections failed to reverse his illness. As far what we are aware he never took antiretrovirals.
Mark Griffiths
Mark Griffiths ran a denialist website called Altheal (along with a French version, Sidasante), until he died in October 2004. In the article linked below, the AIDS denialist Liam Scheff ponders the cause of his death, suggesting Griffiths may still have been using heroin (because he seemed a "bit groggy" sometimes); this is despite the fact that Griffiths had undergone successful recovery in the late 1980s. Scheff ultimately concluded that Griffiths died because he was abusing alcohol.
http://www.altheal.org/althea...
Another associate, Emma Hollister, suggests Griffiths' death was related to a course of antibiotics taken several months before for dental work: http://www.newmediaexplorer.o...
Robert Johnston
Robert Johnston was a co-founder of HEAL Toronto and a co-author of the self-described "rebuttal" of the Durban Declaration that was posted to HEAL Toronto's website in 2000. At the time, he wrote: "Robert Johnston is a co-founder of HEAL Toronto, and has been HIV-positive since 1985 yet has suffered no unusual illness since that time. He attributes his good health to not taking any anti-HIV medications and to not believing that his positive antibody test has much significance."
Johnston died three years later on April 3, 2003. As with all other similar cases, Johnston's colleagues claim his death was not caused by HIV infection. David Crowe wrote that he died of "liver failure completely unrelated to AIDS."
John Kirkham
John Kirkham, an HIV+ denialist who managed the altheal website, died of pneumonia in 2008. His friends attribute his death to having survived lymphoma, a difficult personal relationship, and a chilly, damp house.
Kelly Jon Landis
We regret to report that Kelly Jon Landis died December 3, 2007 in Santa Monica, CA, at age 39 after suffering for several months with lymphoma and other AIDS symptoms. Self-described as the "dissident saint," he was a health food fanatic and avid bicycle rider who avoided standard medical care and sought alternative therapies. He felt that simply leading a drug-free healthy lifestyle would protect him from disease.
Although a "dissident" himself, Kelly Jon Landis vocally opposed the homophobia rampant among HIV/AIDS denialists.
http://people.tribe.net/aca8f...
http://www.ldsfiles.com/link/...
http://forums.about.com/n/pfx...
Sandi Lenfestey
Sandi Lenfestey, a member of HEAL San Diego, died on January 11, 2009. She was 47, and had two children. To understand the real cost of denialism, see her young son’s shattering message to his mother.
Jack Levine
Jack Levine was a regular poster to the "Virusmyth" message board. When he became sick and began to question denialism, the other board members turned on him, which eventually led to the Virusmyth message board being taken permanently offline in order to hide the appalling record of what happened. Levine died from AIDS in March of 2002 at the age of 47.
http://www.thebody.com/cgi-bi...
Raphael Lombardo
Raphael Lombardo was a gay man who believed Peter Duesberg's claims that HIV was harmless. Lombardo wrote to Duesberg on May 30, 1995, noting that he had never used any recreational drugs or pharmaceuticals and was not sick, despite testing HIV positive (the letter was titled "Life without AZT !"). Duesberg published the entire letter in his book "Inventing the AIDS Virus" and wrote of Lombardo: "His letter proves that true science does not depend on institutional authority." (The letter is posted at http://www.virusmyth.net/aids...
Raphael Lombardo died of AIDS a little over a year later, on June 11, 1996. When asked about Lombardo's death, Duesberg wrote: "In hindsight, I think his letter was almost too good to be true. I am afraid now, he described the man he wanted to be [e.g. that he did not use recreational drugs] and his Italian family expected him to be, but not the one he really was. I think he died from Kaposi's." (Source: Email to Richard Jefferys from Peter Duesberg, Wednesday, April 05, 2006) When this correspondence was published on the internet, Duesberg was contacted by Raphael Lombardo's sister, Regina, who was incensed by Duesberg's claim that her brother had covertly used poppers or other recreational drugs (as Duesberg was implying). Duesberg wrote back to her and told her that she was wrong, too.
Peter Mokaba
Peter Makoba, a senior politician in South Africa's ruling party, the African National Congress, and a prominent denialist, died in 2002 at the age of 43 from AIDS-related pneumonia after a "long illness." He denied that he had AIDS and rejected antiretroviral drugs as poison.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/new...
Christine Maggiore
Christine Maggiore was an HIV-positive denialist who founded the "Alive&Well AIDS Alternatives" denialist organisation. She wrote and self-published the book What If Everything You Thought You Knew about AIDS Was Wrong? Her 3-year old daughter Eliza Jane Scovill died of AIDS-related pneumonia after Maggiore had refused to take medication to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV or to have the child tested for HIV. Christine Maggiore died at the age of 52 in December 2008. She died of AIDS. Read AIDSTruth's editorial on her death: Christine Maggiore's Death: Lessons from a Tragedy. (Note 2009-12-15: Maggiore's death certificate states that no autopsy was performed. However, a document by the discredited pathologist Mohammed Ali Al-Bayati recently published on denialist websites appears to be a secondary interpretation of an autopsy performed by Dr David Posey. The autopsy report has not been released, and the coroner's office apparently never notified that it took place. It is not known why Maggiore's family commissioned a private autopsy and then withheld the report and findings of the licensed pathologist who performed the autopsy. You can read more here.)
These articles provide further details on Maggiore and the death of her daughter:
The HIV Disbelievers: Christine Maggiore is a different kind of AIDS activist—one who tells people to forget safe sex and stop taking their lifesaving drugs.
A Mother's Denial, a Daughter's Death:"The HIV-positive mother of two laid out matter-of-factly why, even while pregnant, she hadn't taken HIV medications, and why she had never tested her children for the virus... Seven weeks later, Eliza Jane was dead."
A report on Eliza-Jane Scovill’s death, in rebuttal to that of Mohammed Al-Bayati
Coroner's Report regarding Eliza-Jane Scovill’s death
Marietta Ndziba
Marietta Ndziba was used by the vitamin salesman Matthias Rath to market multivitamins as an alternative to antiretroviral treatment. In a pamphlet distributed by Rath and his agents in Cape Town, South Africa in September 2005, she was quoted as saying that her CD4 count rose from 365 to 841 due to Rath's vitamins. She implied that these vitamins treated boils on her arm, her grey skin, diarrhoea and vomiting. She said "I just thank God that he brings vitamins here to South Africa to help our lives." As far as the South African AIDS activist organisation Treatment Action Campaign could ascertain Ndziba never took antiretrovirals. She died in about October 2005. One family member reportedly claimed that she died of a stress headache. Rath's vitamins clearly did not help Ndziba. She should have been treated by qualified doctors in the public health system, not Rath or his agents.
Astoundingly, a video recording of Ndziba claiming the benefits of Rath's vitamins continued to be available on the front page of Rath's South African website until January 2006. (Source: TAC)
David Pasquarelli
David Pasquarelli, a leader of the denialist group "ACT UP San Francisco" developed PCP, anemia, thrush, meningitis, mycobacterium and disseminated CMV before he died in March of 2004. He was 37.
http://www.davidpasquarelli.com
Casper G. Schmidt
Casper G. Schmidt was a psychiatrist who published "The Group-Fantasy Origins of AIDS" in the Journal of Psychohistory in 1984. The article, which claimed that AIDS was not a real disease but a product of "epidemic hysteria," is still regularly cited by AIDS denialists. Schmidt died from AIDS in 1994.
Karri Stokely
Karri Stokely was a prominent denialist, member of Rethinking AIDS and active on a number of denialist websites. She was diagnosed HIV-positive in 1996 and died on April 28, 2011 after receiving hospice care, apparently for a serious pneumonia infection. Stokely's AIDS denialism is on display in her own words at the following links:
Stokely on being diagnosed HIV-positive at "Living without HIV Drugs"
Video of Stokely speaking at the 2009 Rethinking AIDS Conference - Part 1 and Part 2
Stokely's blog (last post: January 10, 2011) and her website.
Tony Tompsett
Tony Tompsett wrote for the denialist newsletter Continuum from 1993 until just before his death in 1998 at age 39 from Kaposi's sarcoma, toxoplasmosis and possible pneumonia.
http://www.probertencyclopaed...
Huw Christie Williams
Huw Christie (Huw Christie Harry Williams) was an editor of Continuum, a long-running AIDS denialist newsletter from the UK that folded when all the editors died. Huw Christie developed Kaposi's sarcoma and died in August of 2001. He was 41.
http://www.virusmyth.net/aids...
In an email, Peter Duesberg described Christie's death as follows: "Did you know Hugh* Christie? Also a gay friend of mine from London, filmmaker and editor of the very popular British gay-interested journal, Continuum. Christie campaigned actively against the health and AIDS hazards of poppers in Continuum. Like me, he was invited by Mbeki, to discuss the causes of AIDS in Africa in 2000. And a year or two later he passed away with Kaposi's, from long-term over-use/addiction to poppers!"* (Source: Email to Richard Jeffreys from Peter Duesberg, Wednesday, April 05, 2006. *Name misspelled and exclamation point in the original.)
Jody Wells
Jody Wells was the founder of the U.K. denialist newsletter Continuum. He had multiple bouts of PCP before he died in August of 1995.
http://www.virusmyth.net/aids...
Scott Zanetti
Scott Zanetti, Morristown NJ, died October 6, 2002 at age 52. Scott Zanetti is another contributor to the list of testimonials mentioned in the entry on Sylvie Cousseau, above. Zanetti also wrote to POZ magazine about being inspired by the writings of Celia Farber, and contributed to the "personal stories" on the HEAL San Diego website.
http://healtoronto.com/testim...
http://www.poz.com/articles/2...
http://healsd.bravehost.com/s...
The multi-billion dollar AIDS/HIV fraud is based on two fabrications: that
AIDS is a single disease and that it is caused by the HI virus or the "HIV
virus"
HIV-positive response means nothing of any relevance to health: it can be
triggered by vaccination, malnutrition, M.S., measles, influenza, papilloma
virus wart, Epstein Barr virus, leprosy, glandular fever, hepatitis,
syphillis ... : over sixty different conditions.
Dr Robert E. Willner, inoculated himself with the blood of Pedro Tocino, a
HIV-positive haemophiliac, on live Spanish television : an event which was
not picked up the pharma-beholden British or US media.
The great HIV/AIDS lie was created by Robert Gallo who was found guilty of
"scientific misconduct". "...instead of trying to prove his insane theories
about AIDS to his peers...he went public. Then, with the help of Margaret
Heckler, former head of Health and Human Services, who was under great
political pressure to come up with an answer to AIDS, the infamous world
press announcement of the discovery of the so-called AIDS virus came about.
This great fraud is now responsible for the deaths of hundreds of
thousands... It was no accident that Gallo just happened to patent the test
for HIV the day after the announcement...Gallo i...
The multi-billion dollar AIDS/HIV fraud is based on two fabrications: that
AIDS is a single disease and that it is caused by the HI virus or the "HIV
virus"
HIV-positive response means nothing of any relevance to health: it can be
triggered by vaccination, malnutrition, M.S., measles, influenza, papilloma
virus wart, Epstein Barr virus, leprosy, glandular fever, hepatitis,
syphillis ... : over sixty different conditions.
Dr Robert E. Willner, inoculated himself with the blood of Pedro Tocino, a
HIV-positive haemophiliac, on live Spanish television : an event which was
not picked up the pharma-beholden British or US media.
The great HIV/AIDS lie was created by Robert Gallo who was found guilty of
"scientific misconduct". "...instead of trying to prove his insane theories
about AIDS to his peers...he went public. Then, with the help of Margaret
Heckler, former head of Health and Human Services, who was under great
political pressure to come up with an answer to AIDS, the infamous world
press announcement of the discovery of the so-called AIDS virus came about.
This great fraud is now responsible for the deaths of hundreds of
thousands... It was no accident that Gallo just happened to patent the test
for HIV the day after the announcement...Gallo is now a multi-millionaire
because of AIDS and his fraudulent AIDS test." Dr. Willner.
By grouping together 25-plus different diseases and other allied factors -
pneumonia, herpes, candidiasis, salmonella, various cancers, infections,
vaccine and antibiotic damage, amyl nitrate damage, malnutrition etc.and,
particularly in Africa, TB, malaria, dysentery leprosy and "slim disease" -
and calling the whole thing an "AIDS epidemic", a multi-billion
dollar/pound "AIDS research and treatment" racket has been created.
The mythical "HIV-induced AIDS plague" in the Third World generates huge
sums of cash from Western relief organisations whilst smokescreening the
vaccine/drug boys, responsible for the carnage.
Every death of someone "HIV-positive" is recorded as an "AIDS death".
AZT began as a "cancer drug" but was withdrawn for being too toxic: like
being thrown out of the Gestapo for cruelty. Its effects include - cancer,
hepatitis, dementia, seizures, anxiety, impotence, leukopaenia, , severe
nausea, ataxia, etc. and the termination of DNA synthesis. i.e. AIDS/death
by prescription. AZT eventually kills all those who continue to take it.
"WARNING : Retrovir (AZT)...has been associated with symptomatic myopathy,
similar to that produced by Human Immunodeficiency Virus..." Glaxo Wellcome
literature!
None of which stops the medical trade from pushing it on every trusting sap
who is not ill to start with but is labelled with the "HIV-positive"
nonsense and then destroyed by AZT; with "AIDS" getting the blame - and
more billions pouring in for the drug boys, vivisectors, animal breeders
and the rest. The latest stunt is to give a "cocktail" of drugs - including
AZT, of course, and at �12,000 per head, per year - to all homosexual men
who are "HIV-positive".
"The story of AIDS is deeply connected with the vicissitudes of the theory
that viruses cause cancer and the failure of the cancer research programme.
Michael Verney-Elliot put it most acidly when he said "From the people who
didn't bring you the virus that causes cancer, it's the virus that doesn't
cause AIDS.' " Jad Adams The HIV Myth.
"It's not even probable, let alone scientifically proven, that HIV causes
AIDS. If there is evidence...there should be scientific documents
which...demonstrate that fact... There are no such documents." Dr Kary
Mullis Nobel Laureate
"If you think a virus is the cause of AIDS, do a control without it....it
hasn't been done. The epidemiology of AIDS is a pile of anecdotal stories,
selected to fit the virus/AIDS hypothesis... Peter Duesberg Member,
National Academy of Sciences.
"Nobody wants to look at the facts...I've sent countless letters to medical
journals...they simply ignore them. The fact is, this whole heterosexual
AIDS thing is a hoax." Prof Gordon Stewart Public Health University of
Glasgow.
"The cause of AIDS is multiufactorial ; HIV is neither necessary nor
sufficient." Dr Lawrence Bradford biologist.
"I am well convinced that HIV is harmless." Dr Fabio Franchi, specialist,
infectious disease
"...AIDS is not a disease at all - it is a government program." Tom Bethel,
Hoover Institute researcher.
"Electron microscopy reveals retrovirus-like particles in 90% of enlarged
lymph nodes from AIDS patients but the identical particles can be found in
90% of enlarged lymph nodes from patients who do not have AIDS and are not
at risk from developing AIDS. If the particles seen...in AIDS patients are,
as the AIDS experts assure, HIV, what are the particles seen in patients..
who are not at risk..." Dr Valendar Turner, Autralian Broadcasting program
1994.
"A major problem with the new AIDS definition is that it ignores the
man-made environmental causes of immune suppression. Exposure to toxins,
alcoholism, heavy drug use or heavy antibiotic use all can cause onset of
the list of 'diseases' indicative of AIDS. "Los Angeles Weekly Dec 18 1987.
[Dr. Leo Rebello - has said the same thing in his book AIDS AND ALTERNATIVE
MEDICINE].
CONTINUUM MAGAZINE
Continuum would like to offer more, but they, unlike some other
organisations, are not bank-rolled by Glaxo Wellcome etc to spread false
information about AIDS and AZT.
"I have known so many people who have died of AIDS ... and all of them -
all of them - took the drugs they were told to by their doctors. .. I have
never taken any of them and I haven't gotten sick . Not even a cold. The
doctors told me I had 5 years left to live. .. these drug companies that
produce the medication .. are getting very rich .. everyone I know who has
been HIV positive - and that's a lot of people - has died after taking
those drugs." Goldie Glitters - nearly 30 years "living with the virus"
forwarded by
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Justice John Sulan found that Papadopulos-Eleopulos lacked training and expertise in the field of biology, and had misrepresented the positions of others in her testimony. His finding was that:
Ms Papadopulos-Eleopulos has no formal qualifications in medicine, biology, virology, immunology, epidemiology or any other medical disciplines. She has never treated or been directly involved in clinical trials of any kind relating to any disease. Her duties at the Royal Perth Hospital are to test people for sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation.
She has not read or she has chosen to ignore an enormous volume of recently published material on the diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS. She has been selective in the material upon which she relies.[3]
Justice Sulan also found that "her qualifications do not provide her with the academic study required to give opinions on medical and scientific matters unrelated to nuclear physics." He further noted that she had no practical experience or formal qualifications in virology, epidemiology, electron microscopy,...
Justice John Sulan found that Papadopulos-Eleopulos lacked training and expertise in the field of biology, and had misrepresented the positions of others in her testimony. His finding was that:
Ms Papadopulos-Eleopulos has no formal qualifications in medicine, biology, virology, immunology, epidemiology or any other medical disciplines. She has never treated or been directly involved in clinical trials of any kind relating to any disease. Her duties at the Royal Perth Hospital are to test people for sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation.
She has not read or she has chosen to ignore an enormous volume of recently published material on the diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS. She has been selective in the material upon which she relies.[3]
Justice Sulan also found that "her qualifications do not provide her with the academic study required to give opinions on medical and scientific matters unrelated to nuclear physics." He further noted that she had no practical experience or formal qualifications in virology, epidemiology, electron microscopy, biology or immunology. The judge found that:
...she [Papdopulos-Eleopulos] is not qualified to express opinions about the existence of HIV, or whether it has been established that it causes AIDS. Nor has she expertise to express opinions about whether the virus is transmissible. Nor is she qualified to express opinions about the tests that have been developed to diagnose the virus.[3]
Regarding the Perth Group, the judge found that the Perth Group will use whatever means available to promote debate, including encouragement of persons such as the applicant, to promote their theories in courts of law.
Regarding Dr. Turner, the judge found that his knowledge of the subject matter is limited to reading. "He has no formal qualifications to give expert opinions about the virus. He has no practical experience in the treatment of viral diseases. He has no practical experience in the disciplines of virology, immunology or epidemiology."
Just as a note - I don't think you're clear on what "proof" is in terms of the scientific process. ;-)
Scientific theories of any kind are never proven. But there are many that are so supported it mirrors proof.
HIV fulfills Koch's postulates as the cause of AIDS.
Among many criteria used over the years to prove the link between putative pathogenic (disease-causing) agents and disease, perhaps the most-cited are Koch's postulates, developed in the late 19th century. Koch's postulates have been variously interpreted by many scientists, and modifications have been suggested to accommodate new technologies, particularly with regard to viruses (Harden. Pubbl Stn Zool Napoli [II] 1992;14:249; O'Brien, Goedert. Curr Opin Immunol 1996;8:613). However, the basic tenets remain the same, and for more than a century Koch's postulates, as listed below, have served as the litmus test for determining the cause of any epidemic disease:
Epidemiological association: the suspected cause must be strongly associated with the disease.
Isolation: the suspected pathogen can be isolated - and propagated - outside the host.
Transmission pathogenesis: transfer of the suspected pathogen to an uninfected host, man or animal, produces the disease in that host.
With regard to postu...
Just as a note - I don't think you're clear on what "proof" is in terms of the scientific process. ;-)
Scientific theories of any kind are never proven. But there are many that are so supported it mirrors proof.
HIV fulfills Koch's postulates as the cause of AIDS.
Among many criteria used over the years to prove the link between putative pathogenic (disease-causing) agents and disease, perhaps the most-cited are Koch's postulates, developed in the late 19th century. Koch's postulates have been variously interpreted by many scientists, and modifications have been suggested to accommodate new technologies, particularly with regard to viruses (Harden. Pubbl Stn Zool Napoli [II] 1992;14:249; O'Brien, Goedert. Curr Opin Immunol 1996;8:613). However, the basic tenets remain the same, and for more than a century Koch's postulates, as listed below, have served as the litmus test for determining the cause of any epidemic disease:
Epidemiological association: the suspected cause must be strongly associated with the disease.
Isolation: the suspected pathogen can be isolated - and propagated - outside the host.
Transmission pathogenesis: transfer of the suspected pathogen to an uninfected host, man or animal, produces the disease in that host.
With regard to postulate #1, numerous studies from around the world show that virtually all AIDS patients are HIV-seropositive; that is they carry antibodies that indicate HIV infection. With regard to postulate #2, modern culture techniques have allowed the isolation of HIV in virtually all AIDS patients, as well as in almost all HIV-seropositive individuals with both early- and late-stage disease. In addition, the polymerase chain (PCR) and other sophisticated molecular techniques have enabled researchers to document the presence of HIV genes in virtually all patients with AIDS, as well as in individuals in earlier stages of HIV disease.
Postulate #3 has been fulfilled in tragic incidents involving three laboratory workers with no other risk factors who have developed AIDS or severe immunosuppression after accidental exposure to concentrated, cloned HIV in the laboratory. In all three cases, HIV was isolated from the infected individual, sequenced and shown to be the infecting strain of virus. In another tragic incident, transmission of HIV from a Florida dentist to six patients has been documented by genetic analyses of virus isolated from both the dentist and the patients. The dentist and three of the patients developed AIDS and died, and at least one of the other patients has developed AIDS. Five of the patients had no HIV risk factors other than multiple visits to the dentist for invasive procedures (O'Brien, Goedert. Curr Opin Immunol 1996;8:613; O'Brien, 1997; Ciesielski et al. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:886).
In addition, through December 1999, the CDC had received reports of 56 health care workers in the United States with documented, occupationally acquired HIV infection, of whom 25 have developed AIDS in the absence of other risk factors. The development of AIDS following known HIV seroconversion also has been repeatedly observed in pediatric and adult blood transfusion cases, in mother-to-child transmission, and in studies of hemophilia, injection-drug use and sexual transmission in which seroconversion can be documented using serial blood samples (CDC. HIV AIDS Surveillance Report 1999;11[2]:1; AIDS Knowledge Base, 1999). For example, in a 10-year study in the Netherlands, researchers followed 11 children who had become infected with HIV as neonates by small aliquots of plasma from a single HIV-infected donor. During the 10-year period, eight of the children died of AIDS. Of the remaining three children, all showed a progressive decline in cellular immunity, and two of the three had symptoms probably related to HIV infection (van den Berg et al. Acta Paediatr 1994;83:17).
Koch's postulates also have been fulfilled in animal models of human AIDS. Chimpanzees experimentally infected with HIV have developed severe immunosuppression and AIDS. In severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice given a human immune system, HIV produces similar patterns of cell killing and pathogenesis as seen in people. HIV-2, a less virulent variant of HIV which causes AIDS in people, also causes an AIDS-like syndrome in baboons. More than a dozen strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a close cousin of HIV, cause AIDS in Asian macaques. In addition, chimeric viruses known as SHIVs, which contain an SIV backbone with various HIV genes in place of the corresponding SIV genes, cause AIDS in macaques. Further strengthening the association of these viruses with AIDS, researchers have shown that SIV/SHIVs isolated from animals with AIDS cause AIDS when transmitted to uninfected animals (O'Neil et al. J Infect Dis 2000;182:1051; Aldrovandi et al. Nature 1993;363:732; Liska et al. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1999;15:445; Locher et al. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1998;22:523; Hirsch et al. Virus Res 1994;32:183; Joag et al. J Virol 1996;70:3189).
AIDS and HIV infection are invariably linked in time, place and population group.
Historically, the occurence of AIDS in human populations around the world has closely followed the appearance of HIV. In the United States, the first cases of AIDS were reported in 1981 among homosexual men in New York and California, and retrospective examination of frozen blood samples from a U.S. cohort of gay men showed the presence of HIV antibodies as early as 1978, but not before then. Subsequently, in every region, country and city where AIDS has appeared, evidence of HIV infection has preceded AIDS by just a few years (CDC. MMWR 1981;30:250; CDC. MMWR 1981;30:305; Jaffe et al. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:210; U.S. Census Bureau; UNAIDS).
While Robert Gallo may not have discovered HIV, Duesberg has made a career of being Gallo’s thorn in the side. Spurned as the discoverer of HIV, Duesberg has made a life, a career even, out of discrediting the very real role HIV, as a retrovirus, plays in the syndrome—the collection of illnesses—most people have come to know as AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Duesberg has, effectively, been discredited, from my perspective, as a scientist with an ax to grind. This happened on a radio show I helped produce and co-host in New York City on 99.5FM WBAI. The show was entitl...
While Robert Gallo may not have discovered HIV, Duesberg has made a career of being Gallo’s thorn in the side. Spurned as the discoverer of HIV, Duesberg has made a life, a career even, out of discrediting the very real role HIV, as a retrovirus, plays in the syndrome—the collection of illnesses—most people have come to know as AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Duesberg has, effectively, been discredited, from my perspective, as a scientist with an ax to grind. This happened on a radio show I helped produce and co-host in New York City on 99.5FM WBAI. The show was entitled “AIDS is Over...Not!” and it included a debate by scientists and doctors on both sides of the issue.
In addition to producing this show, over the 25 years I have been an AIDS activist and human rights worker, I have read, so, so, so much about HIV and AIDS. My knowledge is not only scientific, but also comes as a human rights worker for the NYC Human Rights Commission’s AIDS Discrimination Division and as a cultural artist (a published nonfiction writer on HIV/AIDS).
Duesberg, pissed that he was not named a discoverer of HIV—and, thereby, made rich by having been so recognized—has, instead, made a career of being an HIV denialist.
I have come to distrust such scientists.
I have, in my journalistic and scientific career, had enough of bigoted scientists who, with their own axes to grind, push their own denialist agendas on people of color, many of whom wish not to confront the reality of AIDS in their communities.
Dr. Duesberg I believe is a bigot who is happy to see HIV and AIDS proliferate unchecked in African-descendant communities. And so it is that I call him out as a bigot. Regarding he and/or those who support his inane approach to the topic of whether HIV causes AIDS—I, comfortably, call their spade a spade.
They are bigots for the evidence is that such HIV denialist theorists tend to hawk their wares in people of color communities and third world nations, because, by and large, nations founded by Europeans have moved on to curtailing HIV and AIDS in predominantly white communities throughout the world.
Here's an example.
As he hawked his denialist writings, Duesberg’s theories found a ready reader in South African President Thabo Mbeki (President of South Africa after Nelson Mandela). Mbeki had already made clear, rabidly, his homophobic tendencies, for, he had seen AIDS as a disease associated with, predominantly, American and European homosexual men and with government scientists in the U.S. and Europe, whom he believed, “possibly,” had created the virus.
Mbeki, was, and is, one of many African leaders, who used, smartly, his own peoples’ willingness to view AIDS as something created by imperialists to destroy Africa. In other words, already wanting nothing to do with AIDS in Africa, he played a deadly game. He took the mistrust that Africans already had of whites— be they in Europe or America—and, knowing the consequences, he associated AIDS with white imperialists and said it, in effect, did not exist in Africa, and that Africans had been duped by American and European scientists.
Today, in sub-Saharan Africa, someone under 40 dies of AIDS every minute. Nearly 6.6 million in this nation of 45 million are infected.
The kicker is this: during the transformation of the government from apartheid to democracy, whereas his fellow comrades, including Mandela supported gay rights to be codified in a new constitution, at first Mbeki vehemently opposed it. Thankfully, however, Mbeki’s small-mindedness did not win out when it came to a new constitution in South Africa, and gay rights are codified in that new constitution.
However, Mbeki did win out when it came to HIV/AIDS. His denialist tendencies meant for years that South Africa, as a nation, would not allow HIV medications to be distributed under government authority and government financial support.
Mbeki, content to allow his own homophobia to color his view on AIDS, allowed that the denialist theories of Deusberg be given incredible weight even against the mounting stench of the corpses in his own nation.
Mbeki’s denial should be considered a crime against humanity, against his own people, for his willingness to institutionalize such denialist policies in the South African government’s response to deaths meant that he murdered his own people. Why do I say this? Was it not for his willful misleading of his own people, tens of thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands of Africans would be alive in his country today.
Today, denying the existence of AIDS has deadly consequences not for Europeans and white Americans, but for Asians, Africans and African-descendants throughout the world—like those living in America who are Black, like me.
Mbeki first became President of South Africa near the turn of the 21st century, in June 1999. Today, after years of refusal to allow AIDS medications in his nation -- a policy that has been reversed, thankfully, under the weight of the millions of corpses buried due to his ignorance -- South Africa has embarked on a new course, mostly due to the work of Nelson Mandela, who is not an AIDS denialist.
However, the damage had already been done, at least in South Africa.
HIV denialists, like Duesberg, hawked their pseudo science in South Africa and other nations -- predominantly in Africa and Asia. These were nations steeped in homophobia and AIDS phobia by presidents and dictators who did not want a disease associated with homosexuals to become associated with death and disease in their nations.
The historical record is clear on this. Many leaders in Africa and Asia, in particular, did not want to confront an AIDS crisis that had already killed millions and that was too closely aligned with those they deemed pariahs—gay men.
Thabo Mbeki and the lesson of denial in South Africa leading to the death— literally -- of hundreds of thousands (perhaps millions) who could have been saved is but one example of the legacy what HIV denialists have wrought.
In effect, Mbeki used the plausibility of HIV denialists and their scientific cheerleaders as a way to support what his bigotry had already determined. That AIDS was something that could be denied. Mbeki had already made up his mind that HIV could not be the cause of AIDS, and he did so because he was already in denial that AIDS could be behind the deaths of millions of his countrymen.
There are many more Mbekis in Africa and, unfortunately, in African-descendant communities in the United States of America. For example, where I live, in Harlem, such denialists abound.
However, they do not deny HIV’s existence for scientific reasons. They deny it, largely, because of their inability to embrace a disease so much still associated, in their minds, with homosexuals. The inertia represented by their inability to move past a paradigm that still has this disease associated with “fa**ots,” has meant that entire sub-populations in Harlem still die, so often, from AIDS.
That, however you parse it, is fact.
http://www.aegis.org/files/ta...
"If there is evidence that HIV causes AIDS, there should be scientific documents which either singly or collectively demonstrate that fact, at least with a high probability. There is no such document." (Sunday Times (London) 28 nov. 1993)
Dr. Heinz Ludwig Sänger, Emeritus Professor of Molecular Biology and Virology, Max-Planck-Institutes for Biochemy, München. Robert Koch Award 1978:
"Up to today there is actually no single scientifically really convincing evidence for the existence of HIV. Not even once such a retrovirus has been isolated and purified by the methods of classical virology." (Letter to Süddeutsche Zeitung 2000)
Dr. Serge Lang, Professor of Mathematics, Yale University:
"I do not regard the causal relationship between HIV and any disease as settled. I have seen considerable evidence that highly improper statistics concerning HIV and AIDS have been passed off as science, and that top members of the scientific establishment have carelessly, if not irresponsible, joined the media in spreading misinformation about the nature of AIDS." (Yale Scientific, Fall 1994)
Dr. Harry Rubin, Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley: Pro...
"If there is evidence that HIV causes AIDS, there should be scientific documents which either singly or collectively demonstrate that fact, at least with a high probability. There is no such document." (Sunday Times (London) 28 nov. 1993)
Dr. Heinz Ludwig Sänger, Emeritus Professor of Molecular Biology and Virology, Max-Planck-Institutes for Biochemy, München. Robert Koch Award 1978:
"Up to today there is actually no single scientifically really convincing evidence for the existence of HIV. Not even once such a retrovirus has been isolated and purified by the methods of classical virology." (Letter to Süddeutsche Zeitung 2000)
Dr. Serge Lang, Professor of Mathematics, Yale University:
"I do not regard the causal relationship between HIV and any disease as settled. I have seen considerable evidence that highly improper statistics concerning HIV and AIDS have been passed off as science, and that top members of the scientific establishment have carelessly, if not irresponsible, joined the media in spreading misinformation about the nature of AIDS." (Yale Scientific, Fall 1994)
Dr. Harry Rubin, Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley: Prof. Harry Rubin
"It is not proven that AIDS is caused by HIV infection, nor is it proven that it plays no role whatever in the syndrome." (Sunday Times (London) 3 April 1994)
Dr. Richard Strohman, Emeritus Professor of Cell Biology at the University of California at Berkeley:
"In the old days it was required that a scientist address the possibilities of proving his hypothesis wrong as well as right. Now there's none of that in standard HIV-AIDS program with all its billions of dollars." (Penthouse April 1994)
Dr. Harvey Bialy, Molecular Biologist, former editor of Bio/Technology and Nature Biotechnology: Harvey Bialy
"HIV is an ordinary retrovirus. There is nothing about this virus that is unique. Everything that is discovered about HIV has an analogue in other retroviruses that don't cause AIDS. HIV only contains a very small piece of genetic information. There's no way it can do all these elaborate things they say it does." (Spin June 1992)
Dr. Roger Cunningham, Immunologist, Microbiologist and Director of the Centre for Immunology at the State University of New York at Buffalo:
"Unfortunately, an AIDS 'establishment' seems to have formed that intends to discourage challenges to the dogma on one side and often insists on following discredited ideas on the other." (Sunday Times (London) 3 April 1994)
Dr. Gordon Stewart, Emeritus Professor of Public Health, University of Glasgow: Prof. Gordon Stwart
"AIDS is a behavioural disease. It is multifactorial, brought on by several simultaneous strains on the immune system - drugs, pharmaceutical and recreational, sexually transmitted diseases, multiple viral infections." (Spin June 1992)
Dr. Alfred Hässig, (1921-1999), former Professor of Immunology at the University of Bern, and former director Swiss Red Cross blood banks:Prof. Alfred Hassig
"The sentence of death accompanying the medical diagnosis of AIDS should be abolished." (Sunday Times (London) 3 April 1994)
Dr. Charles Thomas, former Professor of Biochemistry, Harvard and John Hopkins Universities:
"The HIV-causes-AIDS dogma represents the grandest and perhaps the most morally destructive fraud that has ever been perpetrated on young men and women of the Western world." (Sunday Times (London) 3 April 1994)
Dr. Joseph Sonnabend, New York Physician, founder of the American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR):Joe Sonnabend
"The marketing of HIV, through press releases and statements, as a killer virus causing AIDS without the need for any other factors, has so distorted research and treatment that it may have caused thousands of people to suffer and die." (Sunday times (London) 17 May 1992)
Dr. Andrew Herxheimer, Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology, UK Cochrane Centre, Oxford:
"I think zidovudine [AZT] was never really evaluated properly and that its efficacy has never been proved, but it's toxicity certainly is important. And I think it has killed a lot of people. Especially at the high doses. I personally think it not worth using alone or in combination at all." (Continuum Oct. 2000)
Dr. Etienne de Harven, Emeritus Professor of Pathology, at the University of Toronto: Dr. Etienne de Harven
"Dominated by the media, by special pressure groups and by the interests of several pharmaceutical companies, the AIDS establishment efforts to control the disease lost contact with open-minded, peer-reviewed medical science since the unproven HIV/AIDS hypothesis received 100% of the research funds while all other hypotheses were ignored." (Reappraising AIDS Nov./Dec. 1998)
Dr. Bernard Forscher, former editor of the U.S. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences:
"The HIV hypothesis ranks with the 'bad air' theory for malaria and the 'bacterial infection' theory of beriberi and pellagra [caused by nutritional deficiencies]. It is a hoax that became a scam." (Sunday Times (London) 3 April 1994)
In his 1998 autobiography, Kary Mullis expressed disagreement with the scientific evidence supporting climate change and ozone depletion, that HIV causes AIDS, and asserted his belief in astrology. Mullis claims climate change and the HIV/AIDS connection are due to a conspiracy of environmentalists, government agencies and scientists attempting to preserve their careers and earn money, rather than scientific evidence.[6] Mullis has drawn controversy for his association with prominent AIDS denialist Peter Duesberg,[7] claiming that AIDS is an arbitrary diagnosis only used when HIV antibodies are found in a patient's blood.[8] The medical and scientific consensus is that Duesberg's hypothesis is pseudoscience, HIV having been conclusively proven to be the cause of AIDS[22][23] and that global warming is occurring because of human activities.[24][25][26] Seth Kalichman, AIDS researcher and author of Denying AIDS, "[admits] that it seems odd to include a Nobel Laureate among the who's who of AIDS pseudoscientists".[9] Mullis also wrote the foreword to the book What If Everything You Thought You Knew About AIDS Was Wrong? by Christine Maggiore,[10] an HIV-positive AIDS denialist who, along with her...
In his 1998 autobiography, Kary Mullis expressed disagreement with the scientific evidence supporting climate change and ozone depletion, that HIV causes AIDS, and asserted his belief in astrology. Mullis claims climate change and the HIV/AIDS connection are due to a conspiracy of environmentalists, government agencies and scientists attempting to preserve their careers and earn money, rather than scientific evidence.[6] Mullis has drawn controversy for his association with prominent AIDS denialist Peter Duesberg,[7] claiming that AIDS is an arbitrary diagnosis only used when HIV antibodies are found in a patient's blood.[8] The medical and scientific consensus is that Duesberg's hypothesis is pseudoscience, HIV having been conclusively proven to be the cause of AIDS[22][23] and that global warming is occurring because of human activities.[24][25][26] Seth Kalichman, AIDS researcher and author of Denying AIDS, "[admits] that it seems odd to include a Nobel Laureate among the who's who of AIDS pseudoscientists".[9] Mullis also wrote the foreword to the book What If Everything You Thought You Knew About AIDS Was Wrong? by Christine Maggiore,[10] an HIV-positive AIDS denialist who, along with her daughter died of AIDS-related illnesses.[27] A New York Times article listed Mullis as one of several scientists who, after success in their area of research, go on to make unfounded, sometimes bizarre statements in other areas.[5] An article in the Skeptical Inquirer described Mullis as an "...AIDS denialist with scientific credentials [who] has never done any scientific research on HIV or AIDS".[11]
Dr. Heinz Ludwig Sänger and Dr. Serge Lang both seem to claim that they doubted the connection - but you don't have a quote from them that is less than 11 years old.
The Science Used to Prove the HIV Theory is Flawed - Many denialists, such as virologist Dr. Heinz Ludwig Sanger, believe that the scientific techniques used to determine the existence of HIV and its connection to AIDS is at least flawed and most likely irresponsible. Denialists such as Sanger contend there is no convincing evidence that HIV has ever been isolated and identified using established techniques of research.
Others, like Dr. Serge Lang, feel the statistics used to “prove” the conventional HIV theory are “highly improper” and are a product of media hype being passed off as science.
But some estimates report that over 100,000 research papers were published proving the HIV conventional theory by the year 2000. Hundreds of scientists devote thousands of hours proving and refining HIV science, yet denialist say all of them are wrong. There are electron micrographs of HIV particles available across the Internet.
As for statistical evidence, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and every state in the U.S. has surveillance numbers that have been collected from clinics, hospitals and treatment programs. How could all of these independent treatment programs be "in on the conspiracy"?
Dr. Harry Rubin, says "It is not proven that AIDS is caused by HIV infection, nor is it proven that it plays no role whatever in the syndrome." but the quote is from 3 April 1994 - near the beginning of the debate.
Dr. Richard Strohman's quote is from...Penthouse April 1994? Really? But more importantly he is suspicious of research money. That's suspicion, not science.
Dr. Harvey Bialy, is quoted from - Spin June 1992. Again - that's not the most valid scientific source. Further, again, he claims to disagree that HIV is special - but has no stated expertise about the virus.
Dr. Roger Cunningham is quoted as not being happy with the state of the debate - again, that's not science.
Dr. Gordon Stewart is one of the sadder denialists - claiming that behavior can be a cause of a disease spontaneously basically blames the population and then stops studying.
Denialists often place e blame for illnesses that are AIDS defining not on a weakened immune system from HIV infection but instead the “reckless” use of recreational drugs such as amyl nitrate, a behavioral choice by the person with AIDS.
There are plenty of HIV-infected people who have never used recreational drugs. How else would one explain the mother of three who was infected by her husband, or the grandmother who was infected by receiving HIV infected blood products in the early 1990s, or the millions of infected people on the continent of Africa? While drug use can lead to HIV infection, the drugs themselves are not the cause of the infections and illnesses in people living with HIV.
Dr. Alfred Hässig was quoted in 1994 -quite early, still, in the movement and study - and says nothing about HIV and AIDS but merely laments AIDS.
Dr. Charles Thomas argues again that he feels money is the problem - that's still not science.
Dr. Joseph Sonnabend, New York Physician, founder of the American Foundation for AIDS Research (AmFAR):Joe Sonnabend
"The marketing of HIV, through press releases and statements, as a killer virus causing AIDS without the need for any other factors, has so distorted research and treatment that it may have caused thousands of people to suffer and die." (Sunday times (London) 17 May 1992)
BUT THEN!
Statement by Joseph Sonnabend, M.D.
Some individuals who believe that HIV plays no role at all in AIDS have implied that I support their misguided views on AIDS causation by including inappropriate references to me in their literature and on their web sites. Before HIV was discovered and its association with AIDS established, I held the entirely appropriate view that the cause of AIDS was then unknown. I have successfully treated hundreds of AIDS patients with antiretroviral medications, and have no doubt that HIV plays a necessary role in this disease, a view that I have expressed publicly on several occasions. It is my view that the relationship of HIV to AIDS is of the same nature as that of almost all viruses to the diseases with which they are associated. It is thus similar to the relationship of the Hepatitis A, B and C viruses to clinical hepatitis, or poliovirus to poliomyelitis or the influenza viruses to influenza. In the same way HIV disease, including AIDS, is related to HIV as necessary for disease causation.
Joseph Sonnabend, M.D.
http://www.aidstruth.org/deni...
Dr. Andrew Herxheimer talks about the problem with AZT 11 years ago - but doesn't say anything about the underlying disease.
Dr. Etienne de Harven again complains about the culture - almost 15 years ago.
Dr. Bernard Forscher is included with a statement nearly 20 years old.
Where are your modern sources?
(2) More than these guys? Yes.
The French scientists who are fully credited with the discovery (Gallo is as well, but there's still that cloud) recently won the Nobel Prize ... in a relevant field for claiming an expertise in HIV/AIDS research"
In awarding the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2008, the Nobel Committee decided not to grant Gallo the award. The rules limit the number of winners to three people, and the Committee chose to split the award to include both the discovery of HIV and the discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer. The award was given to Montagnier (HIV), Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (HIV), and Harald zur Hausen (papilloma virus). Montagnier expressed his surprise that Gallo was passed over by the Nobel Committee.[16]
The rules for isolation of a retrovirus were thoroughly discussed at the Pasteur Institute, Paris, in 1973, and are the logical minimum requirements for establishing the independent existence of HIV. They are:
1.Culture of putatively infected tissue.
2. Purification of specimens by density gradient ultracentrifugation.
3. Electron micrographs of particles exhibiting the morfological characteristics and dimensions (100-120 nm) of retroviral particles at the sucrose (or percoll) density of 1.16 gm/ml and containing nothing else, not even particles of other morphologies or dimensions.
4. Proof that the particles contain reverse transcriptase.
5. Analysis of the particles' proteins and RNA and proof that these are unique.
6. Proof that 1-5 are a property only of putatively infected tissues and can not be induced in control cultures. These are identical cultures, that is, tissues obtained from matched, unhealthy subjects and cultured under identical conditions differing only in that they are not putatively infected with a retrovirus.
7. Proof that the particles are infectious, that is when PURE particles are introduced into an uninfected culture or animal, the identical particle is obtained as shown by repeating steps 1-5.
German Profes...
The rules for isolation of a retrovirus were thoroughly discussed at the Pasteur Institute, Paris, in 1973, and are the logical minimum requirements for establishing the independent existence of HIV. They are:
1.Culture of putatively infected tissue.
2. Purification of specimens by density gradient ultracentrifugation.
3. Electron micrographs of particles exhibiting the morfological characteristics and dimensions (100-120 nm) of retroviral particles at the sucrose (or percoll) density of 1.16 gm/ml and containing nothing else, not even particles of other morphologies or dimensions.
4. Proof that the particles contain reverse transcriptase.
5. Analysis of the particles' proteins and RNA and proof that these are unique.
6. Proof that 1-5 are a property only of putatively infected tissues and can not be induced in control cultures. These are identical cultures, that is, tissues obtained from matched, unhealthy subjects and cultured under identical conditions differing only in that they are not putatively infected with a retrovirus.
7. Proof that the particles are infectious, that is when PURE particles are introduced into an uninfected culture or animal, the identical particle is obtained as shown by repeating steps 1-5.
German Professor Questions HIV (Oct. '00)
"During the past 20 years HIV-AIDS research has shown to a line of critical scientists again and again that the existence of HIV has not been proven without doubt, and that both from a aetiological (causal), and a epidemiological view, it can not be responsible for the immunodeficiency AIDS. In view of the general accepted HIV/AIDS hypothesis this appeared to me so unbelievable that I decided to investigate it myself. After three years of intensive and, above all, critical studies of the relevant original literature, as an experienced virologist and molecular biologist I came to the following surprising conclusion: Up to today there is actually no single scientifically really convincing evidence for the existence of HIV. Not even once such a retrovirus has been isolated and purified by the methods of classical virology."
Dr. Heinz Ludwig Sänger, Emeritus Professor of Molecular Biology and Virology and a former director of the Department of Viroid Research at the Max-Planck-Institutes for Biochemy near München, wrote a letter (in German) to the Süddeutsche Zeitung. Prof. Sänger was in 1978 rewarded with the prestigious Robert Koch Award. He also wrote the foreword (in German) for the book 'Mythos HIV' written by the German journalist Michael Leitner.
Dr. Gordon Stewart is professor emeritus of public health at Glasgow University, and a former WHO adviser on AIDS. Gordon Stewart
Professor Stewart studied the epidemiology of AIDS in the U.K. and other countries, and came also to the conclusion that AIDS is not a viral but a multi-causal behavioral disease.
Dr. Robert Root-Bernstein, who held a MacArthur Prize fellowship from 1981 to 1986, is associate professor of physiology at Michigan State University. Root-Bernstein, who made a thorough study of the AIDS literature, has published several controversial articles.Robert Root-Bernstein
He could also not find any evidence to back up the claim that HIV is the cause of AIDS, that AIDS is a new disease, or that it is contagious. AIDS, according to him a multi-causal condition, could also be caused by well known risk factors.
Dr. Alfred Hässig, (1921-1999) was professor emeritus in immunology at the University of Bern, Director of the Swiss Red Cross Transfusion Service, and President of the Board of Trustees of the International Society of Blood Transfusion. With colleagues he formed the Study Group for Nutrition and Immunity. Alfred Hässig
The Swiss research group doesn't believe that HIV causes AIDS either. According to Hässig et al. AIDS is a multi-causal disease caused by severe stress.
The German virologist Dr. Stefan Lanka studied the virological data, and came also to the conclusion that HIV is a lab fantasy.
in 1983 it is incomprehensible that Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, a member of Montagnier's group, as well as Gallo's group itself in 1984, claimed to have discovered a new virus, when all they did was to demonstrate reverse transcriptase activity, and to publish photographs of cellular particles without proof that they were viruses. They could neither isolate them nor show that they were responsible for creating the observed reverse transcriptase activity nor the tissue abnormalities from which they were obtained.(17) They concluded: "the role of the virus in the aetiology of AIDS remains to be determined".(18)
http://www.newscientist.com/a...
The existence of HIV is inferred from an antibody test, but how this is supposed to work, when the virus has never been shown to exist and obtained free of contaminants, remains a mystery.
Some HIV researchers have tried to circumvent the problem by pointing to something called "direct" evidence for the virus. All that this meant, though, was arbitrarily selecting a protein of a certain size which happened to coincide with that shown in HIV models. The delusion of such "evidence" was illustrated when the protein later turned out to be of human origin! (21)
Since no DNA from HIV existed to hybridise with the prepared DNA, Gallo and Montagnier simply used stretches of DNA from what they said was specific to HTLV-I, ...
The existence of HIV is inferred from an antibody test, but how this is supposed to work, when the virus has never been shown to exist and obtained free of contaminants, remains a mystery.
Some HIV researchers have tried to circumvent the problem by pointing to something called "direct" evidence for the virus. All that this meant, though, was arbitrarily selecting a protein of a certain size which happened to coincide with that shown in HIV models. The delusion of such "evidence" was illustrated when the protein later turned out to be of human origin! (21)
Since no DNA from HIV existed to hybridise with the prepared DNA, Gallo and Montagnier simply used stretches of DNA from what they said was specific to HTLV-I, a retrovirus Gallo had earlier claimed to have discovered, and which they deemed suitable for this purpose. The DNA detected in this way was replicated and certain stretches of it cloned and declared to be the DNA of HTLV-III (later to be called HIV).
To summarise, the purpose of the exercise is to grow HIV, but it actually produces a mixture of different lengths of DNA, contrary to theory which says they should all be identical, and no virus at all. It is then claimed that the "correct" DNA has been prepared by finding certain strands in this heterogeneous mix by hybridising them with an HTLV-I DNA probe whose sequence is known and defined to be similar to HIV. However, non-hybridising strands of DNA should not be there at all, and the fact that they are, proves that a complete rag-bag of DNA has been prepared, without any indication of what it is made up of.
It follows that "HIV" DNA must just be a laboratory artefact constructed to a preconceived idea of what retroviral DNA should be, and this assessment does not even raise the question why no virus can be obtained, whatever the experimental conditions.
Gallo and Montagnier's cloned HIV DNA
One cannot help asking why no-one had not long ago spotted the flaw in the techniques employed by the Gallo and Montagnier groups. After defining some segments of DNA to be "HIV"-specific, every researcher in the field worked exclusively with short, cloned sequences (never the whole strand) on the reasonable assumption that the original characterisation had been correctly performed. From the isolation and identification procedure described above, it follows that the resultant sequences vary widely from one preparation to the next, which sequence analysts misinterpreted as the legendary capacity of HIV to mutate. A computer simulated phylogenetic tree was constructed, which established precisely what its designer sought to prove.(26)
Some history
(I) Perhaps one reason for this calamitous state of affairs is that HTLV-III was presented to the world as the cause of AIDS at a historic press conference on April 23, 1984 (a patent for an antibody test was applied for on the same day!), instead of making the evidence for it available beforehand, as correct science demands. The undue haste may be explained by the fact that both the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) had actually one day earlier in a lengthy front page article in The New York Times on April 22 come out in favour of the French claim for priority.(27)
(II) Even so, one must admire Gallo's audacity, because using the same technique he claimed in 1975 to have discovered the first human retrovirus (HL23), but which turned out to be nothing more than pieces of DNA from three different sources of contamination.(28) Nowadays, even an undergraduate would know that if you added DNA to a cell culture, part of the DNA would be incorporated into the cells without any virus being involved.
he uses false research to lay claim. he manufactured the dna.
acquired ,ACQUIRED immune deficiency. it can be caused for many things but it is NOT a virus.
I'll stick with it being transmittable through viral infection, than you. Considering that you are asserting that Gallo can now "manufacture DNA" we're probably done.
did you not read what i posted above?
he falsified his research as did the french!
"Since no DNA from HIV existed to hybridise with the prepared DNA, Gallo and Montagnier simply used stretches of DNA from what they said was specific to HTLV-I, a retrovirus Gallo had earlier claimed to have discovered, and which they deemed suitable for this purpose. The DNA detected in this way was replicated and certain stretches of it cloned and declared to be the DNA of HTLV-III (later to be called HIV)."
It's been done now.
Keep up.
Thank you.
Indeed, HIV has never been properly isolated, nor purified, and, consequently, the HIV/AIDS hypothesis has to be fundamentally reappraised (23, 24, 25, 30, 32).
More precisely, without purification of HIV, HIV-specific antigens could never have been rigorously identified (15). Still, so-called HIV antigens are instrumental in all the serological tests allegedly identifying specific HIV antibodies—ELISA, Western Blot, and more recent rapid tests such as “ Capillus”, “Determine”, and “Vironostika”. Recombinant DNA technology for “viral” antigens certainly yields purer products, but fails to make up for the missing specificity. No surprise, therefore, that dozens of different medical conditions, including tuberculosis, malaria, leprosy, multiple blood transfusions, many vaccines, multiparity, etc. all give false-positive “HIV” tests (26).
Retroviral particles have unquestionably been observed, not directly in AIDS patients, but in mixed, hyper-stimulated cell cultures (7). They most likely represent forced expression, in cell cultures, of human endogenous retroviruses (17), whose hypothetical role in the etiology of AIDS has never been proved.
The HIV particles, missing from the patients, have been conveniently substituted by molecular “markers”, because the HI...
Indeed, HIV has never been properly isolated, nor purified, and, consequently, the HIV/AIDS hypothesis has to be fundamentally reappraised (23, 24, 25, 30, 32).
More precisely, without purification of HIV, HIV-specific antigens could never have been rigorously identified (15). Still, so-called HIV antigens are instrumental in all the serological tests allegedly identifying specific HIV antibodies—ELISA, Western Blot, and more recent rapid tests such as “ Capillus”, “Determine”, and “Vironostika”. Recombinant DNA technology for “viral” antigens certainly yields purer products, but fails to make up for the missing specificity. No surprise, therefore, that dozens of different medical conditions, including tuberculosis, malaria, leprosy, multiple blood transfusions, many vaccines, multiparity, etc. all give false-positive “HIV” tests (26).
Retroviral particles have unquestionably been observed, not directly in AIDS patients, but in mixed, hyper-stimulated cell cultures (7). They most likely represent forced expression, in cell cultures, of human endogenous retroviruses (17), whose hypothetical role in the etiology of AIDS has never been proved.
The HIV particles, missing from the patients, have been conveniently substituted by molecular “markers”, because the HIV=AIDS hypothesis had to be saved at all cost (see the Durban Declaration, 27), even at the price of scientific integrity (28 ).
If AIDS were indeed caused by a retrovirus, how can we explain that 20 years of considerable research efforts, based exclusively on that single hypothesis, have failed to isolate the responsible exogenous retrovirus? Twenty years to end up with no curative treatment, no vaccine, and no verifiable epidemiological predictions.
Obviously, time is pressing us to ask courageously the essential question, namely, is the HIV=AIDS hypothesis correct? Because it is entirely possible to view AIDS differently, outside the field of infectious diseases, and outside the field of retrovirology (29). And in this perspective, which is replete with optimistic predictions, all the difficulties encountered in attempted isolation and purification of the hypothetical HIV may find an extremely rational explanation. Indeed, doubts concerning the very existence of HIV are nothing new, and were expressed by several dissident scientists several years ago.
HIV HAS NEVER BEEN ISOLATED FROM AIDS PATIENTS
2008/01/15