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Charles R. Anderson 2011/11/07 17:37:02Morality is Objective+4Basic principles of morality are objective and required by the nature of man and of life on Earth. However, there is a level of moral decisions in real life which have a very personal characteristic, which some would call subjective. For instance, I chose to become a physicist and many moral decisions then came to be based on the pursuit of the value of being a physicist. I could have chosen to become a historian and then I would have made many decisions on the basis of that value. Morality is based on the identification of values and the effort to attain those values requires that we have a morality. The most basic value is that of one's own life and the need to survive in the world using one's rational faculty. But then morality branches out broadly as we identify and choose many sub-values based upon our experience, knowledge of reality, and knowledge of what values may lend themselves to our personal happiness. The basic and foundational morality is objective and we need to make many objective assessments even in pursuing many of our more custom personal goals once we have chosen them from an array of possibilities.






















1. No killing other active program processes (including child processes) because it the memory allocated didn't get freed properly, the stack space got cluttered, and it created core dumps the sysop had to clean up after.
2. No killing your own process (only normal terminations and exits allowed) for the same reasons as above... memory allocation, stack space, etc.
3. No intruding on other program's page space, again because the memory sometimes didn't get freed properly, data could get overwritten and corrupted, etc.
4. No using malloc(); to get memory, only safe_malloc(); because programs had a tendency to abuse malloc(); and forget to free the memory once they were done with it.
Satisfied he went away and came back the following day to see how things were going. It turns out that his first process had fork()ed a number...
1. No killing other active program processes (including child processes) because it the memory allocated didn't get freed properly, the stack space got cluttered, and it created core dumps the sysop had to clean up after.
2. No killing your own process (only normal terminations and exits allowed) for the same reasons as above... memory allocation, stack space, etc.
3. No intruding on other program's page space, again because the memory sometimes didn't get freed properly, data could get overwritten and corrupted, etc.
4. No using malloc(); to get memory, only safe_malloc(); because programs had a tendency to abuse malloc(); and forget to free the memory once they were done with it.
Satisfied he went away and came back the following day to see how things were going. It turns out that his first process had fork()ed a number of child processes and those child processes had in turn created further child processes. Unfortunately almost none of them were adhering to the four, simple rules. The stack space had almost run out, the load average was almost 6, and the hard drive was running constantly due to memory problems due to lots of memory allocated and never freed. Worse yet there was a large number of core dumps everywhere from active processes illegally terminated.
With a heavy sigh the sysop settled down and selected 8 running processes worth keeping. He saved up all the active processes to an empty HD and then wiped the memory, reset the stack space, deleted all the core dumps and released the 8 processes into the fresh data space. Whewh!
Coming back the next day he found that those processes had spawned a number of child processes and those processes further child processes and things were a little better, but still there was a lot of rule breaking going on. Finding a program that was running better than all the rest, the sysop decided to give that program a special space all by itself to be protected from other programs so they could continue to run and make the kind of sentient programs he was looking for. However, to his chagrin, when he came back the next day the child processes of that favored program had been enslaved by other programs for no good reason. Outraged he empowered one of those programs to unleash horrible plagues on the enslaving programs. When that didn't work, he just killed the first-spawned process of all the enslaving processes and in the confusion got the processes freed from the slavery only to find the enslaving processes in hot pursuit of the other processes. So the sysop killed a bunch more processes, empowered the favored processes to move into the new area he had prepared only to find that other processes had invaded that area. So he empowered the programs to wipe out the squatting programs, cleaned up all the core dumps, freed up some memory and stack space, and called it a day.
Two days later he found some upstart British-accented program claiming that the sysop was "a petty, unjust ... capriciously malevolent bully" that didn't even exist anyway. He further went on to claim that rule 1 was acceptable because killing other processes violated their rights and caused them pain, as well as rule 3 (for the same reason) but that rule 2 was truly unjust and that processes had every right to self-terminate in unauthorized ways and that rule 4 only existed to prevent programs from enjoying life. Safe_malloc(); it turned out, was far too restrictive and cumbersome for said program. It complained that the sysop (which didn't even exist) had violated numerous of his own laws of morality by terminating processes, which violated their rights, never even making mention of the fact that the sysop (by virtue of creating them, owning the operating system, and the hardware, and the stack space, and the memory they dwelled in, and teh HD they wrote upon) basically owned them and had every legal and moral right to do as he pleased.
With a sigh the sysop went to bed for the night with the plan to preserve the working programs, destroy the rule breaking programs, and patch the OS in such a way that none of this nonsense would ever happen again. "I'll start first thing in the morning..." he thought as he drifted off to sleep.
Our apprehension of what is morally correct / true can be subjective. But that is irrelevant. Moral truth and duties exist - or they are nothing but illusions.
To deny the existence of objective moral truth based on differing perceptions is just a failure to reason correctly. Differing moral perceptions imply an objective moral target exists. Otherwise, there would be no point in aiming. What would we be aiming at? A non
For me the definition of morality is simple; morality is a set of principles and guidelines which result in actions that lead to a good life. So if you have a good life, you have been moral. If your life "sucks" you have been immoral. This suggests an objective test of morality.
But who can say that the "good" life could not have been better. After all anyone who thinks they are perfect simply lacks an adequate imagination for self improvement. This suggests that every morality could be better.
Anyway, to get to the point. There is an objective morality which can be used to compare two different moralities. Out of this comparison we can determine one morality is better. We cannot, however, define a "perfect morality". Bottom line, we know right from wrong with adequate precision to improve ourselves but without adequate precision to judge others.
one major example is the fact that it used to be considered one's moral duty to beat one's children if they spoke without being spoken to first. children were perceived as evil and to need to have the devil beaten out of them. that view held sway only a few hundred years ago.
another is the fact that it was, for centuries, considered moral to torture and kill those who disagreed with your view of God. today we call such people 'extremists' and condemn them.
personally, I like today's interpretation of morality better. but it certainly hasn't always been the norm.
"I believe in a God who is lonely. For companionship, this God created humanity in God's image; using evolution; and is far from finished."
Bottom line ... I could agree with your more. Humanities path is one of continual enlightenment. As our abilities become more Godlike, our morality must as well. Of course, even God knows the most likely outcome is humanity destroying itself, hence the Armageddon prophecies.
Morality is like truth. It is completely Object. An act is either good or evil.
there was a time when torturing and murdering people was just fine if you disagreed with their idea of God.
would you say that that is ok today? if not - morality is subjective.
Man only resorts to relativism when he rejects truth to suit his own desires.
Metaphysical subjectivity is when something's existence depends upon a person or persons experiencing it; like the border between the USA and Canada, for instance.
Metaphysically, morality is subjective.
Epistomological subjectivity and objectivity are largely about what is true or false. Epsitomological objectivity is when something is "a matter of fact"; such as that Hudsons Bay contains water or the Grand Canyon was formed by erosion.
Epistomological subjectivity is when something is a matter of opinion, such as whether the border between Canada and the USA is in the right place or not, or whether strawberry ice cream is better than vanilla ice cream or not. Epistomological subjectivity is dependent upon metaphysical subjectivity.
Epistomologically, morals are still subjective.
What CAN be objective about morals is found by using reason. How we interpret and agree upon all the variables involved with human behavior.
http://agendatwentyone.wordpr...
There is no such thing as "relative" good and bad. There is better and worse, yes, but good and bad are absolutes when you get to the end of the line. Think about it.
As we work out our hierarchy of values, one may identifying going to MIT as a value if one wants to be an engineer. But, if one wants to be musician, one would identify attending Juilliard School of Music as a value. Fortunately not everyone chooses to be...
As we work out our hierarchy of values, one may identifying going to MIT as a value if one wants to be an engineer. But, if one wants to be musician, one would identify attending Juilliard School of Music as a value. Fortunately not everyone chooses to become an engineer and not everyone chooses to become a musician. Yet the choice of each may be rich in objective choices on the part of anyone who chooses one or the other. But, I have to recognize my own weakness in processing sound information and my lack of rhythm, so it would not be very rational for me to choose to become a musician. Basically morality, such as one should not initiate the use of force against others, is objective. And being objective, it has to take some cognizance of our individual complexity and uniqueness.
Note how it is considered by the book that the Christians worship, that not believing in that script is considered to be "immoral".
I think the better answer is that it is relative and influenced by both subject and object values